It began on 8 November 2023 as part of the 2023 Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip,[3] and ended its first phase in late January 2024 with an Israeli withdrawal.[14] Following this, the two sides intermittently clashed in Jabalia,[15][16][17][18][19] and then a three-week Israeli offensive in May 2024 ended with a final Israeli withdrawal and Hamas continuing to retain control.[20]
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^"Iran update". These points taken together reflect the degree to which Hamas and other Palestinian militias remain combat effective in and around Jabalia. Hamas and the other militias will almost certainly resume their efforts to reconstitute there as the IDF units have left.