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Black-backed jackal

Black-backed jackal
Temporal range: Pliocene – recent
L. m. schmidti in Masai Mara, Kenya
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Family: Canidae
Subfamily: Caninae
Tribe: Canini
Subtribe: Canina
Genus: Lupulella
Species:
L. mesomelas
Binomial name
Lupulella mesomelas
(Schreber, 1775)
Subspecies

2 subspecies, see text

Black-backed jackal range, with L. m. mesomelas in blue and L. m. schmidti in red
Synonyms

Canis mesomelas[2]

The black-backed jackal (Lupulella mesomelas),[3][4][5] also called the silver-backed jackal, is a medium-sized canine native to eastern and southern Africa. These regions are separated by roughly 900 kilometers.

One region includes the southernmost tip of the continent, including South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe. The other area is along the eastern coastline, including Kenya, Somalia, Djibouti, Eritrea, and Ethiopia. It is listed on the IUCN Red List as least concern due to its widespread range and adaptability, although it is still persecuted as a livestock predator and rabies vector.[1]

Compared to members of the genus Canis, the black-backed jackal is a very ancient species, and has changed little since the Pleistocene,[6] being the most basal wolf-like canine, alongside the closely related side-striped jackal.[7] It is a fox-like animal[8] with a reddish brown to tan coat and a black saddle that extends from the shoulders to the base of the tail.[9] It is a monogamous animal, whose young may remain with the family to help raise new generations of pups.[10] The black-backed jackal has a wide array of food sources, feeding on small to medium-sized animals, as well as plant matter and human refuse.[11]

  1. ^ a b Hoffmann, M. (2014). "Canis mesomelas". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014: e.T3755A46122476. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T3755A46122476.en. Retrieved 14 March 2022.
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference Wozencraft2005 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference MDD was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference Alvares2019 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ Perri, A.R.; Mitchell, K.J.; Mouton, A.; Álvarez-Carretero, S.; Hulme-Beaman, A.; Haile, J.; Jamieson, A.; Meachen, J.; Lin, A.T.; Schubert, B.W.; Ameen, C.; Antipina, E.E.; Bover, P.; Brace, S.; Carmagnini, A.; Carøe, C.; Samaniego Castruita, J.A.; Chatters, J.C.; Dobney, K.; Dos Reis, M.; Evin, A.; Gaubert, P.; Gopalakrishnan, S.; Gower, G.; Heiniger, H.; Helgen, K.M.; Kapp, J.; Kosintsev, P.A.; Linderholm, A.; Ozga, A.T.; Presslee, S.; Salis, A.T.; Saremi, N.F.; Shew, C.; Skerry, K.; Taranenko, D.E.; Thompson, M.; Sablin, M.V.; Kuzmin, Y.V.; Collins, M.J.; Sinding, M.-H.S.; Gilbert, M.T.P.; Stone, A.C.; Shapiro, B.; Van Valkenburgh, B.; Wayne, R.K.; Larson, G.; Cooper, A.; Frantz, L.A.F. (2021). "Dire wolves were the last of an ancient New World canid lineage". Nature. 591 (7848): 87–91. Bibcode:2021Natur.591...87P. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-03082-x. PMID 33442059. S2CID 231604957.
  6. ^ Kingdon, J. (1977), East African Mammals: An Atlas of Evolution in Africa, Volume 3, Part A: Carnivores, University of Chicago Press, p. 31
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference lindblad2005 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ Kingdon, J. & Hoffman, M. (2013), Mammals of Africa Volume V, Bloomsbury : London, pp. 39–45, ISBN 1408189968
  9. ^ Walton, L. R. & Joly, D. O. (2003). "Canis mesomelas" (PDF). Mammalian Species (715): 1–9. doi:10.1644/715. S2CID 198128530.
  10. ^ Estes, R. (1992). The behavior guide to African mammals: including hoofed mammals, carnivores, primates. University of California Press. pp. 404–408. ISBN 0-520-08085-8.
  11. ^ Loveridge, A.J. & Nel, J.A.J. (2004). "Black-backed jackal Canis mesomelas". In Sillero-Zubiri, C., Hoffman, M. & MacDonald, D. W., ed., Canids: Foxes, Wolves, Jackals and Dogs – 2004 Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan, pp. 161–166. IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group, ISBN 2-8317-0786-2

Black-backed jackal

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