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Black Canadians

Black Canadians
Canadiens Noirs
Black Canadians as per cent of population by census division
Total population
1,547,870 (total, 2021)
4.26% of total Canadian population[1]
749,155 Caribbean Canadians
2.2% of total Canadian population
2016 Census[2]
Regions with significant populations
Toronto, Montreal, Brampton, Ajax, Edmonton, Calgary, Ottawa
Ontario768,740 (5.5%)
Quebec422,405 (5.1%)
Alberta177,940 (4.3%)
British Columbia61,760 (1.3%)
Manitoba46,485 (3.6%)
Nova Scotia28,220 (3.0%)
Languages
Canadian English • Canadian French • African Nova Scotian English • Caribbean English • Haitian Creole • African languages
Religion
69.1% Christianity, 11.9% Islam, 18.2% Irreligion, 0.8% other faiths
Related ethnic groups
African Nova Scotians  • Black Ontarians  • African Americans  • Afro-Caribbean  • Africans (Diaspora)

Black Canadians[nb 1] (French: Canadiens Noirs), also known as African Canadians (French: Canadiens Africains) or Afro-Canadians (French: Afro-Canadiens), are Canadians of full or partial sub-Saharan African descent.[13][14]

Black Canadian settlement and immigration patterns can be categorized into two distinct groups. The majority of Black Canadians are descendants of immigrants from the Caribbean and the African continent who arrived in Canada during significant migration waves, beginning in the post-war era of the 1950s and continuing into recent decades.

A smaller yet historically significant population includes the descendants of African Americans, including fugitive slaves, Black loyalists and refugees from the War of 1812. Their descendants primarily settled in Nova Scotia and Southern Ontario, where they formed distinctive identities such as Black Ontarians and African Nova Scotians. [15]

Black Canadians have contributed to many areas of Canadian culture.[16] Many of the first visible minorities to hold high public offices have been Black, including Michaëlle Jean, Donald Oliver, Stanley G. Grizzle, Rosemary Brown, and Lincoln Alexander.[17] Black Canadians form the third-largest visible minority group in Canada, after South Asian and Chinese Canadians.[18]

  1. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (9 February 2022). "Profile table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population - Canada [Country]". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 6 November 2017.
  2. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (8 February 2017). "Census Profile, 2016 Census - Canada [Country] and Canada [Country]". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 6 August 2019.
  3. ^ "Capitalization". U of G News. 29 August 2017. Retrieved 24 July 2024.
  4. ^ Laws, Mike (16 June 2020). "Why we capitalize 'Black' (and not 'white')". Columbia Journalism Review. Retrieved 24 July 2024.
  5. ^ "Inclusive and Accessible Design Guidelines". 6.4 Inclusive Language. Retrieved 24 July 2024.
  6. ^ Mohatarem, Kashmala Fida (16 July 2020). "Black with a capital 'B': Why it took news outlets so long to make a change that matters to so many". CBC. Retrieved 24 July 2024.
  7. ^ "Style Guide: Equity, Diversity and Inclusion". Faculty of Health Sciences. Retrieved 24 July 2024.
  8. ^ "Capitalization". Western University. Retrieved 24 July 2024.
  9. ^ "Inclusive Language" (PDF). University of Toronto. Retrieved 24 July 2024.
  10. ^ "Capitalization and Spelling for Campus Manitoba – Campus Manitoba". Campus Manitoba – Access to education is at the heart of everything we do. 25 April 2024. Retrieved 24 July 2024.
  11. ^ "Canadian Press Stylebook: Cheat sheet for NCM writers" (PDF). The Canadian Press. Retrieved 24 July 2024.
  12. ^ "Guide on Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Terminology". Ressources du Portail linguistique du Canada – Langues – Identité canadienne et société – Culture, histoire et sport – Canada.ca. 24 July 2024. Retrieved 24 July 2024.
  13. ^ Harrison, Faye Venetia (2005). Resisting racism and xenophobia : global perspectives on race, gender, and human rights. AltaMira Press. p. 180. ISBN 978-0-7591-0482-2.
  14. ^ Magocsi, Paul Robert (1999). Encyclopedia of Canada's Peoples. University of Toronto Press, Scholarly Publishing Division. ISBN 978-0-8020-2938-6.
  15. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (26 October 2022). "Visible minority by ethnic or cultural origin: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts". www150.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 26 February 2023.
  16. ^ Rosemary Sadlier. "Black History Canada – Black Contributions". Blackhistorycanada.ca. Retrieved 26 July 2010.
  17. ^ "Black History Canada – Noteworthy Personalities". Blackhistorycanada.ca. Retrieved 26 July 2010.
  18. ^ Cite error: The named reference statcan was invoked but never defined (see the help page).


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Black Canadians

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