Bone tumor

Bone tumor
Bone tumor
	Non-ossifying fibroma of tibia
Specialty	Orthopedics
Symptoms	Lump, pain, neurological signs, unexplained broken bone, fatigue, fever, weight loss, anemia and nausea. Sometimes no symptoms
Types	Noncancerous (benign) or cancerous (malignant)
Diagnostic method	Medical imaging, biopsy
Prognosis	Varies with type
Frequency	Common

A bone tumor is an abnormal growth of tissue in bone, traditionally classified as noncancerous (benign) or cancerous (malignant).^[1]^[4] Cancerous bone tumors usually originate from a cancer in another part of the body such as from lung, breast, thyroid, kidney and prostate.^[1] There may be a lump, pain, or neurological signs from pressure.^[1] A bone tumor might present with a pathologic fracture.^[1] Other symptoms may include fatigue, fever, weight loss, anemia and nausea.^[2]^[3] Sometimes there are no symptoms and the tumour is found when investigating another problem.^[2]^[3]

Diagnosis is generally by X-ray and other radiological tests such as CT scan, MRI, PET scan and bone scintigraphy.^[1] Blood tests might include a complete blood count, inflammatory markers, serum electrophoresis, PSA, kidney function and liver function.^[1] Urine may be tested for Bence Jones protein.^[1] For confirmation of diagnosis, a biopsy for histological evaluation might be required.^[1]

The most common bone tumor is a non-ossifying fibroma.^[4] Average five-year survival in the United States after being diagnosed with bone and joint cancer is 67%.^[5] The earliest known bone tumor was an osteosarcoma in a foot bone discovered in South Africa, between 1.6 and 1.8 million years ago.^[6]

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Maruthainar N, Bhumbra R, Cannon S (2018). "7. Orthopaedic oncology". In Ramachandran M (ed.). Basic Orthopaedic Sciences (2nd ed.). CRC Press. pp. 105–121. ISBN 978-1-4441-2098-1. Archived from the original on 2024-07-26. Retrieved 2021-11-28.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Bone Tumor - Types and Treatments - OrthoInfo - AAOS". www.orthoinfo.org. Archived from the original on 20 March 2021. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Questions and Answers about Bone Cancer" (PDF). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 October 2018. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Soft Tissue and Bone Tumours: WHO Classification of Tumours. International Agency for Research on Cancer. 2020. pp. 338–344. ISBN 978-92-832-4502-5.
^ "SEER Stat Fact Sheets: Bone and Joint Cancer". NCI. Archived from the original on 20 April 2021. Retrieved 18 June 2014.
^ Cite error: The named reference Strauss2016 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Maruth2018-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Maruthainar N, Bhumbra R, Cannon S (2018). "7. Orthopaedic oncology". In Ramachandran M (ed.). Basic Orthopaedic Sciences (2nd ed.). CRC Press. pp. 105–121. ISBN 978-1-4441-2098-1. Archived from the original on 2024-07-26. Retrieved 2021-11-28.

[orthoinfo-2] "Bone Tumor - Types and Treatments - OrthoInfo - AAOS". www.orthoinfo.org. Archived from the original on 20 March 2021. Retrieved 27 June 2021.

[CDCQ&A-3] "Questions and Answers about Bone Cancer" (PDF). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 October 2018. Retrieved 27 June 2021.

[WHOblue2020p.338-4] Soft Tissue and Bone Tumours: WHO Classification of Tumours. International Agency for Research on Cancer. 2020. pp. 338–344. ISBN 978-92-832-4502-5.

[SEER-5] "SEER Stat Fact Sheets: Bone and Joint Cancer". NCI. Archived from the original on 20 April 2021. Retrieved 18 June 2014.

[Strauss2016-6] Cite error: The named reference Strauss2016 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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