Back اتحاد الفاشيين البريطاني Arabic Брытанскі саюз фашыстаў BE Съюз на британските фашисти Bulgarian Unió Britànica de Feixistes Catalan Britská unie fašistů Czech British Union of Fascists German Βρετανική Ένωση Φασιστών Greek Unión Británica de Fascistas Spanish اتحادیه فاشیست‌های بریتانیا FA British Union of Fascists Finnish

British Union of Fascists

British Union of Fascists
AbbreviationBUF
LeaderOswald Mosley
Founded1 October 1932
Banned10 July 1940[1][2]
Merger of
Succeeded byUnion Movement
HeadquartersLondon, England[3]
Newspaper
Think tankJanuary Club[4]
Paramilitary wingsStewards-Blackshirts, FDF[5]
MembershipMaximum 40,000 (1934 estimate)[6]
IdeologyBritish fascism
Political positionFar-right
ReligionProtestantism[18]
Colours
  •   Red   White   Blue
  •   Black (customary)
Anthem"Comrades, the Voices"[19][20]
Party flag
Other flags:
  • (1932–1933)
  • (1933–1935)

The British Union of Fascists (BUF) was a British fascist political party formed in 1932 by Oswald Mosley. Mosley changed its name to the British Union of Fascists and National Socialists in 1936 and, in 1937, to the British Union. In 1939, following the start of the Second World War, the party was proscribed by the British government and in 1940 it was disbanded.

The BUF emerged in 1932 from the electoral defeat of its antecedent, the New Party, in the 1931 general election. The BUF's foundation was initially met with popular support, and it attracted a sizeable following, with the party claiming 50,000 members at one point. The press baron Lord Rothermere was a notable early supporter. As the party became increasingly radical, however, support declined. The Olympia Rally of 1934, in which a number of anti-fascist protestors were attacked by the paramilitary wing of the BUF, the Fascist Defence Force, isolated the party from much of its following. The party's embrace of Nazi-style antisemitism in 1936 led to increasingly violent confrontations with anti-fascists, notably the 1936 Battle of Cable Street in London's East End. The Public Order Act 1936, which banned political uniforms and responded to increasing political violence, had a particularly strong effect on the BUF whose supporters were known as "Blackshirts" after the uniforms they wore.

Growing British hostility towards Nazi Germany, with which the British press persistently associated the BUF, further contributed to the decline of the movement's membership. The party was finally banned by the British government on 23 May 1940 after the start of the Second World War, amid suspicion that its remaining supporters might form a pro-Nazi "fifth column". A number of prominent BUF members were arrested and interned under Defence Regulation 18B.

  1. ^ Ceadel, Martin (2000). Semi-detached Idealists: The British Peace Movement and International Relations, 1854–1945. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 404.
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference AS was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Lewis, David Stephen (1987). Illusions of Grandeur: Mosley, Fascism, and British Society, 1931–81. Manchester / Wolfeboro, New Hampshire: Manchester University Press. p. 68.
  4. ^ Stephen Dorril, Blackshirt (2006), p.258.
  5. ^ Pugh, Martin. Hurrah For The Blackshirts!: Fascists and Fascism in Britain Between the Wars. Random House. pp. 133–135.
  6. ^ Webber, G. C. (1984). "Patterns of Membership and Support for the British Union of Fascists". Journal of Contemporary History. 19 (4): 575–606. doi:10.1177/002200948401900401. JSTOR 260327. S2CID 159618633. Archived from the original on 9 April 2024. Retrieved 9 April 2024.
  7. ^ a b Lewis, David Stephen (1987). Illusions of Grandeur: Mosley, Fascism, and British Society, 1931–81. p. 51.
  8. ^ a b Oswald Mosley. Fascism: 100 Questions Asked and Answered. Question 1
  9. ^ A Workers' Policy Through Syndicalism. Union Movement. 1953. ISBN 9781899435265.
  10. ^ Oswald Mosley. Fascism: 100 Questions Asked and Answered. "10 points of Fascism: V. The Corporate State"
  11. ^ Roger Griffin. Fascism, Totalitarianism And Political Religion. Oxfordshire, England, UK; New York, New York, USA: Routledge, 2005. p. 110.
  12. ^ Oswald Mosley. Fascism: 100 Questions Asked and Answered. Question 88
  13. ^ W. F. Mandle, Anti-Semitism and the British Union of Fascists
  14. ^ Robert Benewick, The Fascist Movement in Britain, pp. 132–134
  15. ^ Alan S. Millward, "Fascism and the Economy", in Walter Laqueur (ed.), Fascism: A reader's Guide, p. 450
  16. ^ Nigel Copsey, Anti-Fascism in Britain, pp. 38, 40–41.
  17. ^ Richard Thurlow (2006). Fascism in Britain: A History, 1918–1945. Revised paperback ed. I. B. Taurus & Co. Ltd. p. 28.
  18. ^ David Stephen Lewis (1987). Illusions of Grandeur: Mosley, Fascism, and British Society, 1931-81. p. 51.
  19. ^ Grundy, Trevor (1998). Memoir of a Fascist Childhood: A Boy in Mosley's Britain. William Heinemann. pp. 31–33. ISBN 0434004677.
  20. ^ Salvador, Alessandro; Kjøstvedt, Anders G. (2017). New Political Ideas in the Aftermath of the Great War. London: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 165–166. ISBN 978-3-319-38914-1.

British Union of Fascists

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