C. Rajagopalachari

Chakravarti Rajagopalachari
Portrait of Rajagopalachari
Governor-General of India
In office
21 June 1948 – 26 January 1950
MonarchGeorge VI
Prime MinisterJawaharlal Nehru
Preceded byLouis Mountbatten
Succeeded byRajendra Prasad as President of India
Minister of Home Affairs
In office
17 December 1950 – 5 November 1951
Prime MinisterJawaharlal Nehru
Preceded byVallabhbhai Patel
Succeeded byKailash Nath Katju
Minister without portfolio
In office
15 July 1950 – 17 December 1950
Prime MinisterJawaharlal Nehru
1st Governor of West Bengal
In office
15 August 1947 – 21 June 1948
PremierPrafulla Chandra Ghosh
Bidhan Chandra Roy
Preceded byPosition established
Frederick Burrows as Governor of Bengal Presidency
Succeeded byKailash Nath Katju
2nd Chief Minister of Madras State
In office
10 April 1952 – 13 April 1954
Preceded byP. S. Kumaraswamy Raja
Succeeded byK. Kamaraj
2nd Premier of Madras Presidency
In office
14 July 1937 – 9 October 1939
GovernorThe Lord Erskine
Preceded byKurma Venkata Reddy Naidu
Succeeded byTanguturi Prakasam
ConstituencyLeader of the State Legislative Council
Personal details
Born
Chakravarti Rajagopalachari

(1878-12-10)10 December 1878
Thorapalli, Madras Presidency, British Raj
Died25 December 1972(1972-12-25) (aged 94)
Madras, Tamil Nadu, India
Resting placeRajaji Memorial
Nationality British Raj (1878–1947)
 India (1947–1972)
Political partySwatantra Party
Other political
affiliations
Indian National Congress (1906-1942,1944-1957)
Indian National Democratic Congress (1957–1959)
Spouse
Alamelu Mangalamma
(m. 1897; died 1916)
RelationsDevdas Gandhi (son-in-law)
Mahatma Gandhi (co-in-law)
Rajmohan Gandhi (grandson)
Ramchandra Gandhi (grandson)
Gopalkrishna Gandhi (grandson)
Children5, including C. R. Narasimhan
Alma materBangalore University
Presidency College, Chennai
Profession
AwardsBharat Ratna (1954)
Signature
Writing career
Language
Notable worksChakravarti Thirumugan (Ramayana)[1]
Vyasar Virundhu (Mahabharata)
Stories for the Innocent
Hinduism; Doctrine and Way of Life
Notable awardsSahitya Akademi Award

Chakravarti Rajagopalachari BR (10 December 1878 – 25 December 1972), popularly known as Rajaji or C.R., also known as Mootharignar Rajaji[2] (Rajaji, the Scholar Emeritus), was an Indian statesman, writer, lawyer, and Indian independence activist.[3] Rajagopalachari was the last Governor-General of India, as when India became a republic in 1950 the office was abolished. He was also the only Indian-born Governor-General, as all previous holders of the post were British nationals.[4] He also served as leader of the Indian National Congress, Premier of the Madras Presidency, Governor of West Bengal, Minister for Home Affairs of the Indian Union and Chief Minister of Madras state. Rajagopalachari founded the Swatantra Party and was one of the first recipients of India's highest civilian award, the Bharat Ratna. He vehemently opposed the use of nuclear weapons and was a proponent of world peace and disarmament. During his lifetime, he also acquired the nickname 'Mango of Salem'.[5]

Rajagopalachari was born in the Thorapalli village of Hosur taluk in the Krishnagiri district of Tamil Nadu and was educated at Central College, Bangalore, and Presidency College, Madras. In the 1900s he started legal practice at the Salem court. On entering politics, he became a member and later Chairperson of the Salem municipality.[6] One of Mahatma Gandhi's earliest political lieutenants, he joined the Indian National Congress and participated in the agitations against the Rowlatt Act, joining the non-cooperation movement, the Vaikom Satyagraha, and the Civil Disobedience movement. In 1930, Rajagopalachari risked imprisonment when he led the Vedaranyam Salt Satyagraha in response to the Dandi March. In 1937, Rajagopalachari was elected Prime minister of the Madras Presidency[6] and served until 1940, when he resigned due to Britain's declaration of war on Germany.[citation needed] He later advocated co-operation over Britain's war effort and opposed the Quit India Movement.[citation needed] He favoured talks with both Muhammad Ali Jinnah and the Muslim League and proposed what later came to be known as the C. R. formula. In 1946, Rajagopalachari was appointed Minister of Industry, Supply, Education and Finance in the Interim Government of India, and then as the Governor of West Bengal from 1947 to 1948, Governor-General of India from 1948 to 1950, Union Home Minister from 1951 to 1952 and as Chief Minister of Madras state from 1952 to 1954. In 1959, he resigned from the Indian National Congress and founded the Swatantra Party, which fought against the Congress in the 1962, 1967 and 1971 elections. Rajagopalachari was instrumental in setting up a united Anti-Congress front in Madras state under C. N. Annadurai, which swept the 1967 elections. He died on 25 December 1972 at the age of 94 and received a state funeral.

Rajagopalachari was an accomplished writer who made lasting contributions to Indian English literature and is also credited with the composition of the song Kurai Onrum Illai set to Carnatic music. He pioneered temperance and temple entry movements in India and advocated Dalit upliftment. He has been criticized for introducing the compulsory study of Hindi and the Madras Scheme of Elementary Education in Madras State, dubbed by its critics as Hereditary Education Policy put forward to perpetuate caste hierarchy.[7] Critics have often attributed his pre-eminence in politics to his standing as a favourite of both Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru. Rajagopalachari was described by Gandhi as the "keeper of my conscience".

  1. ^ "Ramayana aka Chakravarti Thirumagan". www.goodreads.com. Archived from the original on 31 March 2024. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
  2. ^ Raman, Mohan V. (25 November 2013). "All's in a letter". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 29 November 2016. Retrieved 31 July 2021.
  3. ^ "C. Rajagopalachari: The icon India needs today". 8 December 2016. Archived from the original on 10 December 2016.
  4. ^ "How Rajendra Prasad (and not Rajaji) became India's first president". 26 January 2016. Archived from the original on 30 November 2016.
  5. ^ "Mango of Salem: C. Rajagopalachari". siliconeer.com/current/. 4 October 2019. Archived from the original on 28 March 2022. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
  6. ^ a b "Remembering C Rajagopalachari: 10 interesting facts about India's last Governor-General". India Today. 10 December 2015. Archived from the original on 28 March 2022. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference thenewsminute_2018-06-012 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

C. Rajagopalachari

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