Chinese spring offensive

Chinese spring offensive of 1951
	Part of the Korean War
	; Map of the offensive, showing the PVA/KPA gains
Date	22 April – 22 May 1951
Location	near the 38th Parallel, Korea
Result	United Nations victory Chinese forces fail to recapture Seoul; UN launches a counteroffensive in May;
Belligerents
United Nations (UNC) United States; South Korea; Belgium; Philippines; United Kingdom; Canada; Luxembourg; Turkey; Australia; New Zealand;	China; North Korea
Commanders and leaders
Matthew Ridgway; James Van Fleet	Peng Dehuai; Choi Yong-kun
Units involved
Eighth Army	People's Volunteer Army; Korean People's Army
Strength
418,500 245,000; 152,000; 1,500; 11,500; 10,000 from other UN countries;	700,000 337,000 heading to Seoul;
Casualties and losses
UN sources: 15,769 total casualties 1,200+ killed ; 10 missing; unknown; 12 killed; 16 killed; 6 missing; 141 killed; 522 captured; 12 killed; 32 killed; 3 captured; 2 killed; Chinese estimate: 82,769 total casualties	Chinese sources: 85,000–90,000 casualties (Chinese only) UN estimate: 110,000 to 160,609 total casualties (both Chinese and North Korean)

The Chinese spring offensive (Chinese: 中国春季攻势), also known as the Chinese Fifth Phase Offensive (Chinese: 第五次战役), was a military operation conducted by the Chinese People's Volunteer Army (PVA) during the Korean War. Mobilizing three field armies totaling 700,000 men for the operation, the Chinese command conducted their largest offensive operation since their Second Phase Offensive in November and December 1950. The operation took place in the summer of 1951 and aimed at permanently driving the United Nations Command (UN) forces off the Korean peninsula.

The offensive's first thrust fell upon the units of US I Corps and US IX Corps on 22 April but was halted at the No-Name Line north of Seoul by 30 April. On 15 May 1951, the PVA and Korean People's Army (KPA) commenced the second impulse of the spring offensive and attacked the Republic of Korea Army (ROK) and US X Corps in the east. Although initially successful, they were halted by 22 May. On 20 May, perceiving that the enemy were overextended the US Eighth Army counterattacked the exhausted PVA/KPA forces, inflicting heavy losses.^[10]

^ ^a ^b O'Neill 1985, p. 132.
^ Mossman, Billy (1988). United States Army in the Korean War: Ebb and Flow November 1950-July 1951. United States Army Center of Military History. p. 379. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^ ^a ^b Clodfelter, M. (2017). Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492-2015 (4th ed.). Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. Page 659.
^ Sobieski, Anthony J. 1127 Days of Death – a Korean War Chronology – Part II, 1951. https://www.militaryhistoryonline.com/Korea/KoreanWarPartII . Retrieved 25 July 2021
^ 王树增 (2009). 《朝鲜战争》. 北京: 人民文学出版社. ISBN 9787020069200.
^ Zhang 1995, p. 152.
^ Li, Xiaobing. "A History of the Modern Chinese Army". Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky, 2009. Pages 101-102.
^ 王树增 (2009). 《朝鲜战争》. 北京: 人民文学出版社. ISBN 9787020069200.
^ Millett 2010, pp. 441, 452.
^ Chinese Question Role in Korean War, from POW-MIA InterNetwork Archived October 23, 2007, at the Wayback Machine

[FOOTNOTEO'Neill1985132-1] O'Neill 1985, p. 132.

[Mossman-2] Mossman, Billy (1988). United States Army in the Korean War: Ebb and Flow November 1950-July 1951. United States Army Center of Military History. p. 379. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

[Clodfelter,_M._2017_Page_659-3] Clodfelter, M. (2017). Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492-2015 (4th ed.). Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. Page 659.

[4] Sobieski, Anthony J. 1127 Days of Death – a Korean War Chronology – Part II, 1951. https://www.militaryhistoryonline.com/Korea/KoreanWarPartII . Retrieved 25 July 2021

[5] 王树增 (2009). 《朝鲜战争》. 北京: 人民文学出版社. ISBN 9787020069200.

[FOOTNOTEZhang1995[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid9QJyAAAAMAAJpgPA152_152]-6] Zhang 1995, p. 152.

[7] Li, Xiaobing. "A History of the Modern Chinese Army". Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky, 2009. Pages 101-102.

[8] 王树增 (2009). 《朝鲜战争》. 北京: 人民文学出版社. ISBN 9787020069200.

[FOOTNOTEMillett2010441,_452-9] Millett 2010, pp. 441, 452.

[autogenerated1-10] Chinese Question Role in Korean War, from POW-MIA InterNetwork Archived October 23, 2007, at the Wayback Machine

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]