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| Chongzhen Emperor 崇禎帝 | |||||||||||||||||
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| Emperor of the Ming dynasty | |||||||||||||||||
| Reign | 2 October 1627 – 25 April 1644 | ||||||||||||||||
| Enthronement | 2 October 1627 | ||||||||||||||||
| Predecessor | Tianqi Emperor | ||||||||||||||||
| Successor | Hongguang Emperor (Southern Ming dynasty) | ||||||||||||||||
| Emperor of China | |||||||||||||||||
| Reign | 1627–1644 | ||||||||||||||||
| Predecessor | Tianqi Emperor | ||||||||||||||||
| Successor | Shunzhi Emperor (Qing dynasty) | ||||||||||||||||
| Prince of Xin | |||||||||||||||||
| Tenure | 1622–1627 | ||||||||||||||||
| Born | 6 February 1611 Wanli 38, 24th day of the 12th month (萬曆三十八年十二月二十四日) Shuntian Prefecture, North Zhili, Ming dynasty | ||||||||||||||||
| Died | 25 April 1644 (aged 33) Chongzhen 17, 19th day of the 3rd month (崇禎十七年三月十九日) Wansui Hill, Imperial City, Shuntian Prefecture, North Zhili, Ming dynasty (present-day Jingshan Park, Xicheng District, Beijing, China) | ||||||||||||||||
| Burial | Siling Mausoleum, Ming tombs, Beijing | ||||||||||||||||
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| House | Zhu | ||||||||||||||||
| Dynasty | Ming | ||||||||||||||||
| Father | Taichang Emperor | ||||||||||||||||
| Mother | Empress Dowager Xiaochun | ||||||||||||||||
| Signature | .jpg) | ||||||||||||||||
The Chongzhen Emperor (simplified Chinese: 崇祯帝; traditional Chinese: 崇禎帝; pinyin: Chóngzhēn Dì; 6 February 1611 – 25 April 1644), personal name Zhu Youjian (Chinese: 朱由檢; pinyin: Zhū Yóujiǎn), courtesy name Deyue (德約),[1] was the 17th and last emperor of the Ming dynasty. He reigned from 1627 to 1644. "Chongzhen", the era name of his reign, means "honorable and auspicious."
Zhu Youjian was son of the Taichang Emperor and younger brother of the Tianqi Emperor, whom he succeeded to the throne in 1627. He battled peasant rebellions and was not able to defend the northern frontier against the Manchu. When rebels under Li Zicheng reached the capital Beijing in 1644, he committed suicide, ending the Ming dynasty. The Manchu formed the succeeding Qing dynasty.
In 1645, Zhu Yousong, who had proclaimed himself the Hongguang Emperor of the Southern Ming dynasty, gave the Chongzhen Emperor the temple name "Sizong". In historical texts, "Sizong" is the most common temple name of the Chongzhen Emperor, even though the Southern Ming rulers had changed "Sizong" to "Yizong" (毅宗) and then to "Weizong" (威宗). The Qing dynasty gave the Chongzhen Emperor the temple name "Huaizong" (懷宗), but the temple name was later revoked.
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- ^ Wang Yuan (王源)，Ju ye tang wen ji (《居業堂文集》), vol. 19. "聞之張景蔚親見烈皇帝神主題御諱字德約，行五，生於萬曆庚戌十二月二十四日寅時，崩於崇禎甲申三月十九日丑時。"