Cod liver oil

Cod liver oil is a dietary supplement derived from liver of cod fish (Gadidae).^[1] As with most fish oils, it contains the omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and also vitamin A and vitamin D.

Historically, it was given to children in the United States in the 1800's as a patent medicine.^[2] After it was shown, in 1920 that vitamin D deficiency was the cause of rickets, cod liver oil was given as a rich source of vitamin D.^[3]^[4]^[5]

^ "STANDARD FOR FISH OILS CODEX STAN 329-2017" (PDF). CODEX ALIMENTARIUS COMMISSION, World Health Organization. 2017. Retrieved 28 January 2022.
^ Twain, Mark; Smith, Harriet Elinor; Griffin, Benjamin; Fischer, Victor; Frank, Michael B.; Goetz, Sharon K.; Myrick, Leslie Diane (2010). Autobiography of Mark Twain. Berkeley, Calif: University of California Press. ISBN 9780520267190. Cod-liver oil was a common remedy for all diseases, and it was an unspeakably detestable thing to take.
^ Rajakumar, K. "Vitamin D, Cod-Liver Oil, Sunlight, and Rickets: A Historical Perspective. 2003". Pediatrics. 112 (2): 132–135.
^ Pileggi VJ, De Luca HF, Steenbock H (September 1955). "The role of vitamin D and intestinal phytase in the prevention of rickets in rats on cereal diets". Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 58 (1): 194–204. doi:10.1016/0003-9861(55)90106-5. PMID 13259690.
^ Ford JA, Colhoun EM, McIntosh WB, Dunnigan MG (August 1972). "Biochemical response of late rickets and osteomalacia to a chupatty-free diet". British Medical Journal. 3 (5824): 446–447. doi:10.1136/bmj.3.5824.446. PMC 1786011. PMID 5069221.

[1] "STANDARD FOR FISH OILS CODEX STAN 329-2017" (PDF). CODEX ALIMENTARIUS COMMISSION, World Health Organization. 2017. Retrieved 28 January 2022.

[2] Twain, Mark; Smith, Harriet Elinor; Griffin, Benjamin; Fischer, Victor; Frank, Michael B.; Goetz, Sharon K.; Myrick, Leslie Diane (2010). Autobiography of Mark Twain. Berkeley, Calif: University of California Press. ISBN 9780520267190. Cod-liver oil was a common remedy for all diseases, and it was an unspeakably detestable thing to take.

[3] Rajakumar, K. "Vitamin D, Cod-Liver Oil, Sunlight, and Rickets: A Historical Perspective. 2003". Pediatrics. 112 (2): 132–135.

[4] Pileggi VJ, De Luca HF, Steenbock H (September 1955). "The role of vitamin D and intestinal phytase in the prevention of rickets in rats on cereal diets". Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 58 (1): 194–204. doi:10.1016/0003-9861(55)90106-5. PMID 13259690.

[5] Ford JA, Colhoun EM, McIntosh WB, Dunnigan MG (August 1972). "Biochemical response of late rickets and osteomalacia to a chupatty-free diet". British Medical Journal. 3 (5824): 446–447. doi:10.1136/bmj.3.5824.446. PMC 1786011. PMID 5069221.

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