Combinatio nova

In biological taxonomy, a combinatio nova (abbreviated comb. nov. or n. comb.) refers to the formal renaming of an organism's scientific name when it is transferred to a different genus, reclassified within a different species, or its taxonomic rank is altered. Unlike the naming of a new species (species nova), a combinatio nova does not describe a previously unknown organism but reorganizes an existing name to reflect updated understanding of its relationships or classification. For example, when a species is moved to a new genus, its specific epithet is retained and combined with the new genus name, forming the new combination. This process ensures consistency and accuracy in naming while adhering to the rules established by nomenclature codes.

The concept of combinatio nova plays a vital role in maintaining the stability and traceability of scientific names as taxonomic classifications evolve. Creating a valid combinatio nova requires proper citation of the original name, known as the basionym, and compliance with strict publication standards. These rules differ between taxonomic groups, such as animals, plants and fungi, and bacteria, and are integral to preventing ambiguities in name usage. Superseded names, resulting from these changes, preserve the historical record of taxonomy and facilitate the integration of updated names into biological databases. This systematic approach supports the self-correcting nature of taxonomy, where scientific names are continually revised to reflect new discoveries and evidence.