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Edison cylinder phonograph c. 1899. The phonograph cylinder is a storage medium. The phonograph may be considered a storage device especially as machines of this vintage were able to record on blank cylinders.

Various electronic storage devices, with a coin for scale.

Computer memory and data storage types
General Memory cell Memory coherence Cache coherence Memory hierarchy Memory access pattern Memory map Secondary storage MOS memory floating-gate Continuous availability Areal density (computer storage) Block (data storage) Object storage Direct-attached storage Network-attached storage Storage area network Block-level storage Single-instance storage Data Structured data Unstructured data Big data Metadata Data compression Data corruption Data cleansing Data degradation Data integrity Data security Data validation Data validation and reconciliation Data recovery Storage Data cluster Directory Shared resource File sharing File system Clustered file system Distributed file system Distributed file system for cloud Distributed data store Distributed database Database Data bank Data storage Data store Data deduplication Data structure Data redundancy Replication (computing) Memory refresh Storage record Information repository Knowledge base Computer file Object file File deletion File copying Backup Core dump Hex dump Data communication Information transfer Temporary file Copy protection Digital rights management Volume (computing) Boot sector Master boot record Volume boot record Disk array Disk image Disk mirroring Disk aggregation Disk partitioning Memory segmentation Locality of reference Logical disk Storage virtualization Virtual memory Memory-mapped file Software entropy Software rot In-memory database In-memory processing Persistence (computer science) Persistent data structure RAID Non-RAID drive architectures Memory paging Bank switching Grid computing Cloud computing Cloud storage Fog computing Edge computing Dew computing Amdahl's law Moore's law Kryder's law
Volatile
RAM Hardware cache CPU cache Scratchpad memory DRAM eDRAM SDRAM SGRAM LPDDR QDRSRAM EDO DRAM XDR DRAM RDRAM DDR GDDR HBM SRAM 1T-SRAM ReRAM QRAM Content-addressable memory (CAM) Computational RAM VRAM Dual-ported RAM Video RAM (dual-ported DRAM)
Historical Williams–Kilburn tube (1946–1947) Delay-line memory (1947) Mellon optical memory (1951) Selectron tube (1952) Dekatron T-RAM (2009) Z-RAM (2002–2010)
Non-volatile
ROM Diode matrix MROM PROM EPROM EEPROM ROM cartridge Solid-state storage (SSS) Flash memory is used in: Solid-state drive (SSD) Solid-state hybrid drive (SSHD) USB flash drive IBM FlashSystem Flash Core Module Memory card Memory Stick CompactFlash PC Card MultiMediaCard SD card SIM card SmartMedia Universal Flash Storage SxS MicroP2 XQD card Programmable metallization cell
NVRAM Memistor Memristor PCM (3D XPoint) MRAM Electrochemical RAM (ECRAM) Nano-RAM CBRAM
Early-stage NVRAM FeRAM ReRAM FeFET memory
Analog recording Phonograph cylinder Phonograph record Quadruplex videotape Vision Electronic Recording Apparatus Magnetic recording Magnetic storage Magnetic tape Magnetic-tape data storage Tape drive Tape library Digital Data Storage (DDS) Videotape Videocassette Cassette tape Linear Tape-Open Betamax 8 mm video format DV MiniDV MicroMV U-matic VHS S-VHS VHS-C D-VHS Hard disk drive
Optical 3D optical data storage Optical disc LaserDisc Compact Disc Digital Audio (CDDA) CD CD Video CD-R CD-RW Video CD Super Video CD Mini CD Nintendo optical discs CD-ROM Hyper CD-ROM DVD DVD+R DVD-Video DVD card DVD-RAM MiniDVD HD DVD Blu-ray Ultra HD Blu-ray Holographic Versatile Disc WORM
In development CBRAM Racetrack memory NRAM Millipede memory ECRAM Patterned media Holographic data storage Electronic quantum holography 5D optical data storage DNA digital data storage Universal memory Time crystal Quantum memory UltraRAM
Historical Paper data storage (1725) Punched card (1725) Punched tape (1725) Plugboard Drum memory (1932) Magnetic-core memory (1949) Plated-wire memory (1957) Core rope memory (1960s) Thin-film memory (1962) Disk pack (1962) Twistor memory (~1968) Bubble memory (~1970) Floppy disk (1971)
v t e

Data storage is the recording (storing) of information (data) in a storage medium. Handwriting, phonographic recording, magnetic tape, and optical discs are all examples of storage media. Biological molecules such as RNA and DNA are considered by some as data storage.^[1]^[2] Recording may be accomplished with virtually any form of energy. Electronic data storage requires electrical power to store and retrieve data.

Data storage in a digital, machine-readable medium is sometimes called digital data. Computer data storage is one of the core functions of a general-purpose computer. Electronic documents can be stored in much less space than paper documents.^[3] Barcodes and magnetic ink character recognition (MICR) are two ways of recording machine-readable data on paper.

^ ^a ^b Gilbert, Walter (Feb 1986). "The RNA World". Nature. 319 (6055): 618. Bibcode:1986Natur.319..618G. doi:10.1038/319618a0. S2CID 8026658.
^ Hubert, Bert (9 January 2021). "DNA seen through the eyes of a coder". Retrieved 12 September 2022.
^ Rotenstreich, Shmuel. "The Difference between Electronic and Paper Documents" (PDF). George Washington University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 February 2020. Retrieved 12 April 2016.