Deformation (volcanology)

In volcanology, deformation refers to the change in the shape of a volcano or the surrounding landscape due to the movement of magma.^[1] This can be in the form of inflation, which is a response to pressurization, or deflation, which is a response to depressurization. Inflation is represented by swelling of the ground surface, a volcanic edifice, or a subsurface magma body. It can be caused by magma accumulation, exsolution of volatiles, geothermal processes, heating, and tectonic compression. Deflation is represented by shrinking of the ground surface, a volcanic edifice, or a subsurface magma body. It can be caused by magma withdrawal (related to intrusion or eruption), volatile escape, thermal contraction, phase changes during crystallization, and tectonic extension.^[2] Deformation is a key indicator of pre-eruptive unrest at many active volcanoes, but deformation signals must be used in combination with other eruption indicators for forecasting reliability.^[3]

^ Lisowski, Michael (2007), Dzurisin, Daniel (ed.), "Analytical volcano deformation source models", Volcano Deformation: Geodetic Monitoring Techniques, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 279–304, doi:10.1007/978-3-540-49302-0_8, ISBN 978-3-540-49302-0, retrieved 2024-10-04
^ Dzurisin, Daniel (2019). Volcano Deformation: Insights into Magmatic Systems. Springer Science+Business Media. pp. 372, 379. ISBN 978-3-642-27737-5.
^ Garthwaite, Matthew C.; Miller, Victoria L.; Saunders, Steve; Parks, Michelle M.; Hu, Guorong; Parker, Amy L. (2019). "A Simplified Approach to Operational InSAR Monitoring of Volcano Deformation in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Case Study of Rabaul Caldera, Papua New Guinea". Frontiers in Earth Science. 6 (240). Higher Education Press: 1. Bibcode:2018FrEaS...6..240G. doi:10.3389/feart.2018.00240. ISSN 2095-0195.

[:0-1] Lisowski, Michael (2007), Dzurisin, Daniel (ed.), "Analytical volcano deformation source models", Volcano Deformation: Geodetic Monitoring Techniques, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 279–304, doi:10.1007/978-3-540-49302-0_8, ISBN 978-3-540-49302-0, retrieved 2024-10-04

[2] Dzurisin, Daniel (2019). Volcano Deformation: Insights into Magmatic Systems. Springer Science+Business Media. pp. 372, 379. ISBN 978-3-642-27737-5.

[3] Garthwaite, Matthew C.; Miller, Victoria L.; Saunders, Steve; Parks, Michelle M.; Hu, Guorong; Parker, Amy L. (2019). "A Simplified Approach to Operational InSAR Monitoring of Volcano Deformation in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Case Study of Rabaul Caldera, Papua New Guinea". Frontiers in Earth Science. 6 (240). Higher Education Press: 1. Bibcode:2018FrEaS...6..240G. doi:10.3389/feart.2018.00240. ISSN 2095-0195.

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