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Diaspora

For other uses, see Diaspora (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with Dysphoria.
India has the world's largest annual out-migration.[1] Pictured at Ricoh Coliseum, in Toronto, Canada, on April 15, 2015
The Mexican diaspora is the world's second-largest diaspora;[2] pictured is Mexican day celebrations in Germany.

A diaspora (/daɪˈæspərə/ dy-ASP-ər-ə) is a population that is scattered across regions which are separate from its geographic place of origin.[3][4] The word is used in reference to people who identify with a specific geographic location, but currently reside elsewhere.[5][6][7]

Notable diasporic populations include the Jewish diaspora formed after the Babylonian exile;[8] Assyrian diaspora following the Assyrian genocide;[9][10] Greeks that fled or were displaced following the fall of Constantinople[11] and the later Greek genocide[12] as well as the Istanbul pogroms;[13] the emigration of Anglo-Saxons (primarily to the Byzantine Empire) after the Norman Conquest of England;[14] the southern Chinese and South Asians who left their homelands during the 19th and 20th centuries;[15] the Irish diaspora after the Great Famine;[16] the Scottish diaspora that developed on a large scale after the Highland and Lowland Clearances;[17] Romani from the Indian subcontinent;[18] the Italian diaspora and the Mexican diaspora; Circassians in the aftermath of the Circassian genocide; the Palestinian diaspora (shatat[19] due to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict;[20] the Armenian diaspora following the Armenian genocide;[21][22] the Lebanese diaspora due to the Lebanese civil war;[23] and Syrians due to the Syrian civil war;[24] The Iranian diaspora, which grew from half a million to 3.8 million between the 1979 revolution and 2019, mostly live in United States, Canada and Turkey.[25]

According to a 2019 United Nations report, the Indian diaspora is the world's largest diaspora, with a population of 17.5 million, followed by the Mexican diaspora, with a population of 11.8 million, and the Chinese diaspora, with a population of 10.7 million.[26]

  1. ^ "Infographic: India Has the World's Biggest Diaspora". Statista Daily Data. 12 September 2023. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
  2. ^ "Population Facts" (PDF). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Population Division. December 2017. p. 3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 February 2018. Retrieved 8 February 2019. In 2017, with 16.6 million persons living abroad, India was the leading country of origin of international migrants. Migrants from Mexico constituted the second largest 'diaspora' in the world (13.0 million), followed by those from the Russian Federation (10.6 million), China (10.0 million), Bangladesh (7.5 million), the Syrian Arab Republic (6.9 million), Pakistan (6.0 million), Ukraine (5.9 million), the Philippines (5.7 million) and the United Kingdom Since 2000, countries experiencing the largest increase in their diaspora populations were the Syrian Arab Republic (872 per cent), India (108 per cent) and the Philippines (85 per cent).
  3. ^ "Diaspora". Merriam Webster. Retrieved 22 February 2011.
  4. ^ Melvin Ember, Carol R. Ember and Ian Skoggard, ed. (2004). Encyclopedia of Diasporas: Immigrant and Refugee Cultures Around the World. Volume I: Overviews and Topics; Volume II: Diaspora Communities. p. xxvi. ISBN 9780306483219.
  5. ^ "Diasporas". Migration Data Portal. Retrieved 21 February 2020.
  6. ^ Edwards, Brent Hayes (8 October 2014). "Diaspora". Keywords for American Cultural Studies, Second Edition. Retrieved 21 February 2020.
  7. ^ "Diaspora definition and meaning". CollinsDictionary.com. Retrieved 21 February 2020.
  8. ^ "Babylonian Captivity | Definition, History, & Significance | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 6 July 2023. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
  9. ^ Demir, Sara (2017). "The atrocities against the Assyrians in 1915: A legal perspective". In Travis, Hannibal (ed.). The Assyrian Genocide: Cultural and Political Legacies. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-98025-8.
  10. ^ Gaunt, David; Atto, Naures; Barthoma, Soner O. (2019). "Introduction: Contextualizing the Sayfo in the First World War". Let Them Not Return: Sayfo – The Genocide Against the Assyrian, Syriac, and Chaldean Christians in the Ottoman Empire. Berghahn Books. ISBN 9781785334993.
  11. ^ "Fall of Constantinople". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 19 August 2020. Retrieved 2 August 2020.
  12. ^ Jones, Adam (2010). Genocide: A Comprehensive Introduction (revised ed.). London: Routledge. p. 163. ISBN 9780203846964. OCLC 672333335.
  13. ^ Kaya, Önder (9 January 2013). "İstanbul'da GÜRCÜ Cemaati ve Katolik Gürcü kilisesi". Şalom (in Turkish). Retrieved 25 April 2013.
  14. ^ "English Refugees in the Byzantine Armed Forces: The Varangian Guard and Anglo-Saxon Ethnic Consciousness". De Re Militari.
  15. ^ Yun, Lisa (2008). The coolie speaks : Chinese indentured laborers and African slaves in Cuba. Internet Archive. Philadelphia : Temple University Press. ISBN 978-1-59213-581-3.
  16. ^ Montgomery, David R. (14 May 2007). Dirt: The Erosion of Civilizations. University of California Press. ISBN 9780520933163.
  17. ^ "The Highland Clearances". Historic UK. Retrieved 9 September 2021.
  18. ^ Broughton, Simon; Ellingham, Mark; Trillo, Richard (1999). World Music: Africa, Europe and the Middle East. Rough Guides. p. 147. ISBN 9781858286358. Retrieved 8 December 2015.
  19. ^ Ghada Ageel, 'My Body in Shatat, My Heart in Gaza, My Soul in Beit Daras,' The Palestine Chronicle 18 May 2013.
  20. ^ "No way home: The tragedy of the Palestinian diaspora". The Independent. 22 October 2009. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
  21. ^ Bloxham, Donald (2005). The Great Game of Genocide: Imperialism, Nationalism, and the Destruction of the Ottoman Armenians. Oxford University Press.
  22. ^ Harutyunyan, Arus (1 April 2009). "Contesting National Identities in an Ethnically Homogeneous State: The Case of Armenian Democratization". Dissertations: 192.
  23. ^ Wwirtz, James J. (March 2008). "Things Fall Apart: Containing the Spillover from an Iraqi Civil Warby Daniel L. Byman and Kenneth M. Pollack". Political Science Quarterly. 123 (1): 157–158. doi:10.1002/j.1538-165x.2008.tb00621.x. ISSN 0032-3195.
  24. ^ Kodmani, Bassma (5 December 2018). "The Syrian Diaspora, Old and New". Arab Reform Initiative.
  25. ^ "Migration and Brain Drain from Iran | Iranian Studies". iranian-studies.stanford.edu. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
  26. ^ With $78 billion, India still highest overseas remittance receiver, The Economic Times, 28 November 2019.

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