Doom (1993 video game)

Doom
Doom cover art, featuring a man in armor standing on a ridge firing down into demons surrounding him, with the title DOOM above
Cover art by Don Ivan Punchatz featuring the Doomguy
Developer(s)id Software
Publisher(s)id Software
Designer(s)
Programmer(s)
Artist(s)
Composer(s)Bobby Prince[a]
SeriesDoom
EngineDoom engine[b]
Platform(s)
Release
December 10, 1993
  • MS-DOS
    • NA: December 10, 1993
    • EU: December 1993
  • 32X
    • NA: November 21, 1994
    • PAL: January 1995
  • Atari Jaguar
    • NA: November 28, 1994
  • Mac OS
    • NA: December 1995
  • PC-98
    • JP: December 9, 1994
  • SNES
    • NA: September 1995
    • EU: October 26, 1995
    • JP: March 1, 1996
  • PlayStation
    • NA: November 16, 1995
    • EU: December 1995
  • 3DO
    • NA: April 26, 1996
  • Sega Saturn
    • NA: March 26, 1997
    • EU: 1997
  • RISC OS
  • Game Boy Advance
    • NA: October 24, 2001
    • EU: November 16, 2001
  • Xbox 360
    • WW: September 27, 2006
  • iOS
    • EU: October 30, 2009
    • NA: October 31, 2009
  • PlayStation 3
    • NA: November 20, 2012
  • Android, Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, Xbox One
    • WW: July 26, 2019
  • PlayStation 5, Xbox Series X/S
    • WW: August 8, 2024
Genre(s)First-person shooter
Mode(s)Single-player, multiplayer

Doom is a first-person shooter game developed and published by id Software. Released on December 10, 1993, for DOS, it is the first installment in the Doom franchise. The player assumes the role of a space marine, later unofficially referred to as Doomguy, fighting through hordes of undead humans and invading demons. The game begins on the moons of Mars and finishes in hell, with the player traversing each level to find its exit or defeat its final boss. It is an early example of 3D graphics in video games, and has enemies and objects as 2D images, a technique sometimes referred to as 2.5D graphics.

Doom was the third major independent release by id Software, after Commander Keen (1990–1991) and Wolfenstein 3D (1992). In May 1992, id started developing a darker game focused on fighting demons with technology, using a new 3D game engine from the lead programmer, John Carmack. The designer Tom Hall initially wrote a science fiction plot, but he and most of the story were removed from the project, with the final game featuring an action-heavy design by John Romero and Sandy Petersen. Id published Doom as a set of three episodes under the shareware model, marketing the full game by releasing the first episode free. A retail version with an additional episode was published in 1995 by GT Interactive as The Ultimate Doom.

Doom was a critical and commercial success, earning a reputation as one of the best and most influential video games of all time. It sold an estimated 3.5 million copies by 1999, and up to 20 million people are estimated to have played it within two years of launch. It has been termed the "father" of first-person shooters and is regarded as one of the most important games in the genre. It has been cited by video game historians as shifting the direction and public perception of the medium as a whole, as well as sparking the rise of online games and communities. It led to an array of imitators and clones, as well as a robust modding scene and the birth of speedrunning as a community. Its high level of graphic violence led to controversy from a range of groups. Doom has been ported to a variety of platforms both officially and unofficially and has been followed by several games in the series, including Doom II (1994), Doom 64 (1997), Doom 3 (2004), Doom (2016), Doom Eternal (2020), and Doom: The Dark Ages (2025), as well as the films Doom (2005) and Doom: Annihilation (2019).

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Doom (1993 video game)

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