Elections in Turkey

Politics of Turkey
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Legislature Grand National Assembly (Parliament) Speaker: Numan Kurtulmuş Leader of the Main Opposition Özgür Özel Political parties
Executive President (list) Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Vice President Cevdet Yılmaz Cabinet (list) Current cabinet (67th) Ministries National Security Council Governors
Judiciary Constitutional Court President: Kadir Özkaya Court of Cassation President: Mehmet Akarca Court of Accounts President: Metin Yener Council of State President: Zeki Yiğit
Elections Electoral system Electoral cycle Supreme Election Council Recent elections Parliamentary 2018 2023 next Presidential 2018 2023 2028 Local 2014 2019 2024 Referendum 2007 2010 2017 Political parties
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Elections in Turkey are held for six functions of government: presidential elections (national), parliamentary elections (national), municipality mayors (local), district mayors (local), provincial or municipal council members (local) and muhtars (local). Apart from elections, referendums are also held occasionally.

The parliamentary elections are held every five years. The Parliament (Meclis) has 600 members, elected for a five-year term by a system based on closed list proportional representation according to the D'Hondt method. Political parties are subject to an electoral threshold of 7%. Smaller parties can avoid the electoral threshold by forming an alliance with bigger parties, in which it is sufficient that total votes of the alliance passes the 7%. Independent candidates are not subject to electoral threshold.

The presidential elections are held every five years. The president is elected for a term of office of five years and is eligible for one re-election. There is an exception when a president's second term ends prematurely through a decision of the Parliament. In this case, the president can be re-elected for a third term.

To put forward a referendum regarding constitutional amendments, a supermajority (three fifths of the votes) in the parliament is required first. These kinds of referendums are binding.

Turkey has a multi-party system, with two or three strong parties and often a fourth party that is electorally successful. Since 1950, parliamentary politics has mainly been dominated by conservative parties. Even the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) tends to identify itself with the "tradition" of Democrat Party (DP). While on the left side of the spectrum, parties like Republican People's Party (CHP), Social Democratic Populist Party (SHP) and Democratic Left Party (DSP) have enjoyed the largest electoral success.

The constitutional referendum of 2017 enhanced the powers of the president, and since 2018, the focus has shifted from parliamentary to the presidential elections.^[1]