Electronic cigarette

Photo of device
A first-generation e-cigarette that resembles a tobacco cigarette, with a battery portion that can be disconnected and recharged using the USB power charger
Photo of devices
Various types of e-cigarettes from 2015, including a disposable e-cigarette, a rechargeable e-cigarette, a medium-size tank device, large-size tank devices, an e-cigar, and an e-pipe

An electronic cigarette (e-cigarette), or vape,[note 1][1] is a device that simulates smoking. It consists of an atomizer, a power source such as a battery, and a container such as a cartridge or tank. Instead of smoke, the user inhales vapor.[2] As such, using an e-cigarette is often called "vaping".[3]

The atomizer is a heating element that vaporizes a liquid solution called e-liquid[4] that cools into an aerosol of tiny droplets, vapor and air.[5] The vapor mainly comprises propylene glycol and/or glycerin, usually with nicotine and flavoring. Its exact composition varies, and depends on matters such as user behavior.[note 2] E-cigarettes are activated by taking a puff or pressing a button.[3][6] Some look like traditional cigarettes,[3][7] and most kinds are reusable.[note 3]

Nicotine is highly addictive.[9][10][11] Users become physically and psychologically dependent.[12] Although some evidence indicates that e-cigarettes are less addictive than smoking, with slower nicotine absorption rates,[13][14] long-term e-cigarette safety remains uncertain.[15][16] One issue is the need to separate the effects of vaping from the effects of smoking among users who both vape and smoke.[note 4][17]

E-cigarettes containing nicotine are more effective than nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) for smoking cessation.[18][19] Vaping is likely far less harmful than smoking, but still harmful.[20][21][22] E-cigarette vapor contains far fewer toxins than cigarette smoke, and at much lower concentrations. The vapor typically contains traces of harmful substances not found in cigarette smoke.[22] However, e-cigarettes have not been subject to the same rigorous testing that most nicotine replacement therapy products have,[23] and health warnings may encourage a smoker to quit vaping.[24]

  1. ^ a b "Vaporizers, E-Cigarettes, and other Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS)". United States Food and Drug Administration. 14 February 2020.Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  2. ^ a b Cheng, T. (2014). "Chemical evaluation of electronic cigarettes". Tobacco Control. 23 (Supplement 2): ii11 – ii17. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051482. ISSN 0964-4563. PMC 3995255. PMID 24732157.
  3. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference Orellana-Barrios2015 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference Weaver2014 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ David, Grégory; Parmentier, Evelyne A.; Taurino, Irene; Signorell, Ruth (December 2020). "Tracing the composition of single e-cigarette aerosol droplets in situ by laser-trapping and Raman scattering". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): 7929. Bibcode:2020NatSR..10.7929D. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-64886-5. PMC 7220912. PMID 32404884.
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference Rahman2014 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ Pepper, J. K.; Brewer, N. T. (2013). "Electronic nicotine delivery system (electronic cigarette) awareness, use, reactions and beliefs: a systematic review". Tobacco Control. 23 (5): 375–384. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051122. ISSN 0964-4563. PMC 4520227. PMID 24259045.
  8. ^ a b Drope, Jeffrey; Cahn, Zachary; Kennedy, Rosemary; Liber, Alex C.; Stoklosa, Michal; Henson, Rosemarie; Douglas, Clifford E.; Drope, Jacqui (November 2017). "Key issues surrounding the health impacts of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) and other sources of nicotine". CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians. 67 (6): 449–471. doi:10.3322/caac.21413. ISSN 0007-9235. PMID 28961314. S2CID 32928770.
  9. ^ "Policy on Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS)" (PDF). American Academy of Pediatrics. 2020. Retrieved 13 November 2022.
  10. ^ "Position Statements on e-cigarettes". American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS). 21 April 2021. Archived from the original on 13 November 2022. Retrieved 13 November 2022.
  11. ^ Schraufnagel, Dean E.; Blasi, Francesco; Drummond, M. Bradley; Lam, David C. L.; Latif, Ehsan; Rosen, Mark J.; Sansores, Raul; Van Zyl-Smit, Richard (15 September 2014). "Electronic Cigarettes. A Position Statement of the Forum of International Respiratory Societies". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 190 (6): 611–618. doi:10.1164/rccm.201407-1198PP. ISSN 1073-449X. PMID 25006874. S2CID 43763340. Retrieved 13 November 2022.
  12. ^ Miyasato, K. (March 2013). "[Psychiatric and psychological features of nicotine dependence]". Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine (in Japanese). 71 (3): 477–481. PMID 23631239.
  13. ^ National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) (18 May 2018). Stratton, Kathleen; Kwan, Leslie Y.; Eaton, David L. (eds.). "Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes". National Academies Press. National Academies Press (US). doi:10.17226/24952. ISBN 978-0-309-46834-3. PMID 29894118.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) |quote="There is moderate evidence that risk and severity of dependence are lower for e-cigarettes than combustible tobacco cigarettes."
  14. ^ UK Office for Health Improvement and Disparities (OHID) (2022). "Nicotine vaping in England: an evidence update including health risks and perceptions, September 2022. A report commissioned by the Office for Health Improvement and Disparities" (PDF). Uk.gov. Retrieved 27 December 2024.|quote=...there is substantial evidence that vaping product use delivers lower peak and overall nicotine levels to users than smoking, which may translate to lower dependence risks compared with smoking.
  15. ^ Marques, Patrice; Piqueras, Laura; Sanz, Maria-Jesus (December 2021). "An updated overview of e-cigarette impact on human health". Respiratory Research. 22 (1): 151. doi:10.1186/s12931-021-01737-5. PMC 8129966. PMID 34006276. S2CID 234753956. the safety of e-cigarette consumption and its potential as a smoking cessation method remain controversial due to limited evidence...the potential long-term effects of e-cigarette consumption have been scarcely investigated.
  16. ^ Walley, Susan C.; Wilson, Karen M.; Winickoff, Jonathan P.; Groner, Judith (1 June 2019). "A Public Health Crisis: Electronic Cigarettes, Vape, and JUUL". Pediatrics. 143 (6): e20182741. doi:10.1542/peds.2018-2741. PMID 31122947. S2CID 163165584. Because e-cigarettes have only been marketed for ~10 years... scientific data are limited and will continue to emerge. Because e-cigarette solutions and emissions have been shown to contain nicotine and many of the same harmful toxicants and carcinogens as cigarettes, it is reasonable to assume that there is the potential for similar health effects for e-cigarette use, particularly with emerging data of tobacco toxicant exposure found among e-cigarette users.
  17. ^ Kim, Sooyong; Selya, Arielle S (12 June 2020). "The Relationship Between Electronic Cigarette Use and Conventional Cigarette Smoking Is Largely Attributable to Shared Risk Factors". Nicotine & Tobacco Research. 22 (7): 1123–1130. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntz157. PMC 7291806. PMID 31680169. past research remains inconclusive due to heavy confounding between cigarette and e-cigarette use
  18. ^ Lindson, Nicola; Butler, Ailsa R.; McRobbie, Hayden; Bullen, Chris; Hajek, Peter; Begh, Rachna; Theodoulou, Annika; Notley, Caitlin; Rigotti, Nancy A.; Turner, Tari; Livingstone-Banks, Jonathan; Morris, Tom; Hartmann-Boyce, Jamie (8 January 2024). "Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 1 (1): CD010216. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010216.pub8. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 10772980. PMID 38189560.
  19. ^ Lindson, N; Butler, AR; McRobbie, H; Bullen, C; Hajek, P; Begh, R; Theodoulou, A; Notley, C; Rigotti, NA; Turner, T; Livingstone-Banks, J; Morris, T; Hartmann-Boyce, J (8 January 2024). "Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 1 (1): CD010216. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010216.pub8. PMC 10772980. PMID 38189560.
  20. ^ National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (2018), p. [page needed]: "Laboratory tests of e-cigarette ingredients, in vitro toxicological tests, and short-term human studies suggest that e-cigarettes are likely to be far less harmful than combustible tobacco cigarettes."
  21. ^ Health and Care Excellence, The National Institute for (30 November 2021). "Recommendations on treating tobacco dependence Tobacco: preventing uptake, promoting quitting and treating dependence. Guidance NICE". www.nice.org.uk. Retrieved 13 November 2022. use of e‑cigarettes is likely to be substantially less harmful than smoking
  22. ^ a b Balfour, David J. K.; Benowitz, Neal L.; Colby, Suzanne M.; Hatsukami, Dorothy K.; Lando, Harry A.; Leischow, Scott J.; Lerman, Caryn; Mermelstein, Robin J.; Niaura, Raymond; Perkins, Kenneth A.; Pomerleau, Ovide F.; Rigotti, Nancy A.; Swan, Gary E.; Warner, Kenneth E.; West, Robert (September 2021). "Balancing Consideration of the Risks and Benefits of E-Cigarettes". American Journal of Public Health. 111 (9): 1661–1672. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2021.306416. PMC 8589069. PMID 34410826. Among potentially toxic substances common to both products, cigarette smoke generally contains substantially larger quantities than e-cigarette aerosol. However, e-cigarette aerosol contains some substances not found in cigarette smoke."
  23. ^ Carpenter, Matthew J.; Wahlquist, Amy E.; Dahne, Jennifer; Gray, Kevin M.; Cummings, K. Michael; Warren, Graham; Wagener, Theodore L.; Goniewicz, Maciej L.; Smith, Tracy T. (September 2023). ""Effect of unguided e-cigarette provision on uptake, use, and smoking cessation among adults who smoke in the USA: a naturalistic, randomised, controlled clinical trial."". eClinicalMedicine. 63: 102142. doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102142. PMC 10518503. PMID 37753443.
  24. ^ Cite error: The named reference Al-HamdaniHopkins2019 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).


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Electronic cigarette

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