The environmental impact of bitcoin is significant. Bitcoin mining, the process by which bitcoins are created and transactions are finalized, is energy-consuming and results in carbon emissions, as about half of the electricity used in 2021 was generated through fossil fuels.[1] Moreover, bitcoins are mined on specialized computer hardware with a short lifespan, resulting in electronic waste.[2] The amount of e-waste generated by bitcoin mining is comparable to that generated by the Netherlands.[2] Scholars argue that bitcoin mining could support renewable energy development by utilizing surplus electricity from wind and solar.[3] Bitcoin's environmental impact has attracted the attention of regulators, leading to incentives or restrictions in various jurisdictions.[4]
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