Fusion of powers

Fusion of powers is a feature of some parliamentary forms of government where different branches of government are intermingled or fused, typically the executive and legislative branches.[1] It is contrasted with the separation of powers[2] found in presidential, semi-presidential and dualistic parliamentary forms of government, where the membership of the legislative and executive powers cannot overlap. Fusion of powers exists in many, if not a majority of, parliamentary democracies, and does so by design. However, in all modern democratic polities the judiciary does not possess legislative or executive powers.[a]

The system first arose as a result of political evolution in the United Kingdom over many centuries, as the powers of the monarch became constrained by Parliament.[3] The term fusion of powers itself is believed to have been coined by the British constitutional expert Walter Bagehot.[4]

  1. ^ "Fusion of powers (UK)".
  2. ^ Montesquieu, The Spirit of Laws
  3. ^ Martin C. Needler (1991). The Concepts of Comparative Politics. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 116. ISBN 978-0-275-93653-2.
  4. ^ The Harmonious Constitution


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Fusion of powers

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