Natural gas supplies over a quarter of Turkey's energy.[2][3] The country consumes 50 to 60 billion cubic metres of this natural gas each year,[4][5] nearly all of which is imported. A large gas field in the Black Sea however started production in 2023.[6]
After the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine began, several European countries stopped buying Russian oil or gas, but Turkey's relations with Russia are good enough that it continues to buy both.[7][8] Turkey receives almost half of its gas from Russia.[5] As of 2023[update] wholesale gas is expensive and a large part of the import bill.
Households buy the most gas, followed by industry and power stations.[9] Over 80% of the population has access to gas,[10] and it supplies half the country's heating requirements.[4] As the state owned oil and gas wholesaler BOTAŞ has 80% of the gas market,[2]: 16 the government can and does subsidize residential and industrial gas consumers.[11] All industrial and commercial customers, and households using more than a certain amount of gas, can switch suppliers.[2]
- ^ Kulovic, Nermina (4 February 2022). "Turkish drillship wraps up all planned well tests on Black Sea gas field". Offshore Energy. Retrieved 2 March 2023.
- ^ a b c IEA (March 2021). Turkey 2021 – Energy Policy Review (Technical report). International Energy Agency. Archived from the original on 7 March 2022. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
- ^ "Energy consumption by source, Turkey". Our World in Data. Retrieved 2 August 2022.
- ^ a b "A Cold Winter: Turkey and the Global Natural Gas Shortage". Centre for Economics and Foreign Policy Studies (Edam). 6 October 2021. Archived from the original on 17 December 2021. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
- ^ a b "Ukraine War Complicates Turkey's Gas Challenge". Energy Intelligence. 9 March 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
- ^ "Can Sakarya pave the way for Turkey's gas independence?". IHS Markit. 25 April 2023. Retrieved 29 September 2023.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
:22was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
:23was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Ergur, Semih (5 June 2022). "Increasing Usage of Natural Gas in Turkey and Its Effect on Local Economy". Climate Scorecard. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
- ^ 2021 Natural Gas Distribution Sector Report (PDF). Natural Gas Distribution Companies Association of Turkey (GAZBİR) (Report). Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 July 2022. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
- ^ Coskun, Orhan (31 March 2022). "Turkey may hike April industry, power plant gas prices more than 20% -sources". Reuters. Retrieved 14 July 2022.