This article needs additional citations for verification. (February 2024) |
Henry IV | |
---|---|
King of England | |
Reign | 30 September 1399 – 20 March 1413 |
Coronation | 13 October 1399 |
Predecessor | Richard II |
Successor | Henry V |
Born | c. April 1367[2] Bolingbroke Castle, Lincolnshire, England |
Died | 20 March 1413 (aged 45) Jerusalem Chamber, Westminster, England |
Burial | Canterbury Cathedral, Kent, England |
Spouses | |
Issue more... | |
House | Lancaster |
Father | John of Gaunt |
Mother | Blanche of Lancaster |
Signature |
Henry IV (c. April 1367 – 20 March 1413), also known as Henry Bolingbroke, was King of England from 1399 to 1413. Henry was the son of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster (a son of King Edward III), and Blanche of Lancaster.[3]
Henry was involved in the 1388 revolt of Lords Appellant against Richard II, his first cousin, but he was not punished. However, he was exiled from court in 1398. After Henry's father died in 1399, Richard blocked Henry's inheritance of his father's lands. That year, Henry rallied a group of supporters, overthrew and imprisoned Richard II, and usurped the throne; these actions later contributed to dynastic disputes in the Wars of the Roses (1455–1487).
Henry was the first English ruler whose mother tongue was English (rather than French) since the Norman Conquest, over 300 years earlier.[4] As king, he faced a number of rebellions, most seriously those of Owain Glyndŵr, the last Welshman to claim the title of Prince of Wales, and the English knight Henry Percy (Hotspur), who was killed in the Battle of Shrewsbury in 1403. Henry IV had six children from his first marriage to Mary de Bohun, while his second marriage to Joan of Navarre produced no surviving children. Henry and Mary's eldest son, Henry of Monmouth, assumed the reins of government in 1410 as the king's health worsened. Henry IV died in 1413, and his son succeeded him as Henry V.