Back Hongaarse Rewolusie van 1956 AF الثورة المجرية 1956 Arabic Revolución húngara de 1956 AST Macar inqilabı (1956) AZ ماجار اینقیلابی (۱۹۵۶) AZB 1956 йылғы мадьяр ихтилалы BA Венгерскае паўстанне (1956) BE Вугорская рэвалюцыя 1956 году BE-X-OLD Унгарско въстание (1956) Bulgarian Dispac'h Hungaria 1956 BR
| Hungarian Revolution of 1956 | |||||||
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| Part of the Cold War | |||||||
 From top to bottom, left to right: The rebels flag · Speaker addresses to a crowd from an abandoned Soviet tank · Caricature of Mátyás Rákosi with suitcases going to the Soviet border · Search for Stalinist era mass graves and underground party bunkers · Hungarian Patriot, Time Magazine Man of the Year · Severed Stalin's head of a toppled monument · Young Hungarian rebel · Civilians flee from Soviet bombing · Ruins in Budapest after the Soviet bombings | |||||||
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| 3,000 civilians killed[3] | |||||||
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The Hungarian Revolution of 1956 (23 October – 4 November 1956; Hungarian: 1956-os forradalom), also known as the Hungarian Uprising, was an attempted countrywide revolution against the government of the Hungarian People's Republic (1949–1989) and the policies caused by the government's subordination to the Soviet Union (USSR).[nb 2] The uprising lasted 12 days before being crushed by Soviet tanks and troops on 4 November 1956. Thousands were killed and wounded and nearly a quarter of a million Hungarians fled the country.[4][5]
The Hungarian Revolution began on 23 October 1956 in Budapest when university students appealed to the civil populace to join them at the Hungarian Parliament Building to protest against the USSR's geopolitical domination of Hungary through the Stalinist government of Mátyás Rákosi. A delegation of students entered the building of Magyar Rádió to broadcast their sixteen demands for political and economic reforms to civil society, but were detained by security guards. When the student protestors outside the radio building demanded the release of their delegation, a group of police from the ÁVH (State Protection Authority) fatally shot several of the students.[6]
Consequently, Hungarians organized into revolutionary militias to fight against the ÁVH; local Hungarian communist leaders and ÁVH policemen were captured and summarily executed; and political prisoners were released and armed. To realize their political, economic, and social demands, local soviets (councils of workers) assumed control of municipal government from the Hungarian Working People's Party (Magyar Dolgozók Pártja). The new government of Imre Nagy disbanded the ÁVH, declared Hungary's withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact, and pledged to re-establish free elections. By the end of October the intense fighting had subsided.
Although initially willing to negotiate the withdrawal of the Soviet Army from Hungary, the USSR repressed the Hungarian Revolution on 4 November 1956, and fought the Hungarian revolutionaries until Soviet victory on 10 November; repression of the Hungarian Uprising killed 2,500 Hungarians and 700 Soviet Army soldiers, and compelled 200,000 Hungarians to seek political refuge abroad, mostly to Austria.[7][8]
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- ^ Györkei, J.; Kirov, A.; Horvath, M. (1999). Soviet Military Intervention in Hungary, 1956. New York: Central European University Press. p. 370. ISBN 963-9116-35-1.
- ^ UN General Assembly Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary (1957) "Chapter V, footnote 8" (PDF).
- ^ "B&J": Jacob Bercovitch and Richard Jackson, International Conflict : A Chronological Encyclopedia of Conflicts and Their Management 1945–1995 (1997) p. 85
- ^ "This Day in History: November 4, 1956". History.com. Retrieved 16 March 2023.
- ^ "The 1956 Hungarian Revolution: A History in Documents". National Security Archive. 4 November 2002. Retrieved 16 March 2023.
- ^ George Childs Kohn, ed. (2007). "Hungarian Revolt of 1956". The Dictionary of Wars Third Edition. pp. 237–238.
- ^ "Hungarian Refugee Cards, 1956-1957, Now Available in JDC Names Index | JDC Archives". Retrieved 5 January 2024.
- ^ Niessen, James P. (11 October 2016). "Hungarian Refugees of 1956: From the Border to Austria, Camp Kilmer, and Elsewhere". Hungarian Cultural Studies. 9: 122–136. doi:10.5195/AHEA.2016.261. ISSN 2471-965X.