Hydrogen peroxide

Hydrogen peroxide
	Space filling model of the hydrogen peroxide molecule Oxygen, O Hydrogen, H
Names
	IUPAC name Hydrogen peroxide
	Systematic IUPAC name Peroxol
	Other names Dioxidane; Oxidanyl; Perhydroxic acid; 0-hydroxyol; Oxygenated water; Peroxaan
Identifiers
CAS Number	7722-84-1 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChEBI	CHEBI:16240 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL71595 ;
ChemSpider	763 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.028.878
EC Number	231-765-0;
IUPHAR/BPS	2448;
KEGG	D00008 ;
PubChem CID	784;
RTECS number	MX0900000 (>90% soln.); MX0887000 (>30% soln.);
UNII	BBX060AN9V ;
UN number	2015 (>60% soln.); 2014 (20–60% soln.); 2984 (8–20% soln.)
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID2020715 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/H2O2/c1-2/h1-2H Key: MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ; InChI=1/H2O2/c1-2/h1-2H Key: MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYAL;
	SMILES OO;
Properties
Chemical formula	H2O2
Molar mass	34.014 g·mol−1
Appearance	Very light blue liquid
Odor	slightly sharp
Density	1.11 g/cm3 (20 °C, 30% (w/w) solution); 1.450 g/cm3 (20 °C, pure)
Melting point	−0.43 °C (31.23 °F; 272.72 K)
Boiling point	150.2 °C (302.4 °F; 423.3 K) (decomposes)
Solubility in water	Miscible
Solubility	soluble in ether, alcohol; insoluble in petroleum ether
log P	−0.43
Vapor pressure	5 mmHg (30 °C)
Acidity (pKa)	11.75
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	−17.7·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD)	1.4061
Viscosity	1.245 cP (20 °C)
Dipole moment	2.26 D
Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C)	1.267 J/(g·K) (gas); 2.619 J/(g·K) (liquid)
Std enthalpy of; formation (ΔfH⦵298)	−187.80 kJ/mol
Pharmacology
ATC code	A01AB02 (WHO) D08AX01 (WHO), D11AX25 (WHO), S02AA06 (WHO)
Hazards
	GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statements	H271, H302, H314, H332, H335, H412
Precautionary statements	P280, P305+P351+P338, P310
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	3 0 3 OX
Flash point	Non-flammable
	Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)	1518 mg/kg[citation needed]; 2000 mg/kg (oral, mouse)
LC50 (median concentration)	1418 ppm (rat, 4 hr)
LCLo (lowest published)	227 ppm (mouse)
	NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)	TWA 1 ppm (1.4 mg/m3)
REL (Recommended)	TWA 1 ppm (1.4 mg/m3)
IDLH (Immediate danger)	75 ppm
Safety data sheet (SDS)	ICSC 0164 (>60% soln.)
Related compounds
Related compounds	Water; Ozone; Hydrazine; Hydrogen disulfide; Dioxygen difluoride
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical compound with the formula H₂O₂. In its pure form, it is a very pale blue^[5] liquid that is slightly more viscous than water. It is used as an oxidizer, bleaching agent, and antiseptic, usually as a dilute solution (3%–6% by weight) in water for consumer use and in higher concentrations for industrial use. Concentrated hydrogen peroxide, or "high-test peroxide", decomposes explosively when heated and has been used as both a monopropellant and an oxidizer in rocketry.^[6]

Hydrogen peroxide is a reactive oxygen species and the simplest peroxide, a compound having an oxygen–oxygen single bond. It decomposes slowly into water and elemental oxygen when exposed to light, and rapidly in the presence of organic or reactive compounds. It is typically stored with a stabilizer in a weakly acidic solution in an opaque bottle. Hydrogen peroxide is found in biological systems including the human body. Enzymes that use or decompose hydrogen peroxide are classified as peroxidases.

^ Easton MF, Mitchell AG, Wynne-Jones WF (1952). "The behaviour of mixtures of hydrogen peroxide and water. Part 1.—Determination of the densities of mixtures of hydrogen peroxide and water". Transactions of the Faraday Society. 48: 796–801. doi:10.1039/TF9524800796. S2CID 96669623.
^ "Hydrogen peroxide". www.chemsrc.com. Archived from the original on 17 March 2020. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0335". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
^ ^a ^b ^c "Hydrogen peroxide". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
^ Housecroft CE, Sharpe AG (2005). Inorganic Chemistry (2nd ed.). Pearson Prentice-Hall. pp. 443–44. ISBN 0130-39913-2.
^ Hill CN (2001). A Vertical Empire: The History of the UK Rocket launch and Space Programme, 1950–1971. Imperial College Press. ISBN 978-1-86094-268-6. Archived from the original on 13 April 2021. Retrieved 24 August 2020.

[1] Easton MF, Mitchell AG, Wynne-Jones WF (1952). "The behaviour of mixtures of hydrogen peroxide and water. Part 1.—Determination of the densities of mixtures of hydrogen peroxide and water". Transactions of the Faraday Society. 48: 796–801. doi:10.1039/TF9524800796. S2CID 96669623.

[chemsrc-2] "Hydrogen peroxide". www.chemsrc.com. Archived from the original on 17 March 2020. Retrieved 3 May 2018.

[PGCH-3] NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0335". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).

[IDLH-4] "Hydrogen peroxide". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).

[House-5] Housecroft CE, Sharpe AG (2005). Inorganic Chemistry (2nd ed.). Pearson Prentice-Hall. pp. 443–44. ISBN 0130-39913-2.

[6] Hill CN (2001). A Vertical Empire: The History of the UK Rocket launch and Space Programme, 1950–1971. Imperial College Press. ISBN 978-1-86094-268-6. Archived from the original on 13 April 2021. Retrieved 24 August 2020.

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