Back Indusium AF الإندوان Arabic Induanu AST Indià (estatge faunístic) Catalan Indusium (Geologie) German Induense Spanish Induar EU ایندون FA Indus-vaihe Finnish Indusien French
| Induan | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Chronology | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Etymology | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Name formality | Formal | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Usage information | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Celestial body | Earth | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Regional usage | Global (ICS) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Time scale(s) used | ICS Time Scale | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Definition | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chronological unit | Age | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stratigraphic unit | Stage | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Time span formality | Formal | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lower boundary definition | FAD of the Conodont Hindeodus parvus | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lower boundary GSSP | Meishan, Zhejiang, China 31°04′47″N 119°42′21″E / 31.0798°N 119.7058°E | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lower GSSP ratified | 2001[6] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Upper boundary definition | Not formally defined | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Upper boundary definition candidates | FAD of the Conodont Neospathodus waageni | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Upper boundary GSSP candidate section(s) | Mud (Muth) village, Spiti valley, India[7] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
The Induan is the first age of the Early Triassic epoch in the geologic timescale, or the lowest stage of the Lower Triassic series in chronostratigraphy. It spans the time between 251.9 Ma and 251.2 Ma (million years ago).[8] The Induan is sometimes divided into the Griesbachian and the Dienerian subages or substages.[9] The Induan is preceded by the Changhsingian (latest Permian) and is followed by the Olenekian.
The Induan is roughly coeval with the regional Feixianguanian Stage of China.
- ^ Widmann, Philipp; Bucher, Hugo; Leu, Marc; et al. (2020). "Dynamics of the Largest Carbon Isotope Excursion During the Early Triassic Biotic Recovery". Frontiers in Earth Science. 8 (196): 196. Bibcode:2020FrEaS...8..196W. doi:10.3389/feart.2020.00196.
- ^ McElwain, J. C.; Punyasena, S. W. (2007). "Mass extinction events and the plant fossil record". Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 22 (10): 548–557. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2007.09.003. PMID 17919771.
- ^ Retallack, G. J.; Veevers, J.; Morante, R. (1996). "Global coal gap between Permian–Triassic extinctions and middle Triassic recovery of peat forming plants". GSA Bulletin. 108 (2): 195–207. Bibcode:1996GSAB..108..195R. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1996)108<0195:GCGBPT>2.3.CO;2. Retrieved 2007-09-29.
- ^ Payne, J. L.; Lehrmann, D. J.; Wei, J.; Orchard, M. J.; Schrag, D. P.; Knoll, A. H. (2004). "Large Perturbations of the Carbon Cycle During Recovery from the End-Permian Extinction". Science. 305 (5683): 506–9. Bibcode:2004Sci...305..506P. doi:10.1126/science.1097023. PMID 15273391. S2CID 35498132.
- ^ "International Chronostratigraphic Chart" (PDF). International Commission on Stratigraphy. September 2023. Retrieved December 16, 2024.
- ^ Hongfu, Yin; Kexin, Zhang; Jinnan, Tong; Zunyi, Yang; Shunbao, Wu (June 2001). "The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Permian-Triassic Boundary" (PDF). Episodes. 24 (2): 102–114. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2001/v24i2/004. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
- ^ "Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point". International Commission of Stratigraphy. Retrieved 23 December 2020.
- ^ "ICS - Chart/Time Scale". Archived from the original on 2014-05-30. Retrieved 2017-09-28.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Tozer1965was invoked but never defined (see the help page).