Innocence of Muslims[1][2] is a 2012 anti-Islamic short film that was written and produced by Nakoula Basseley Nakoula.[3][4] Two versions of the 14-minute video were uploaded to YouTube in July 2012, under the titles "The Real Life of Muhammad" and "Muhammad Movie Trailer".[5] Videos dubbed in Arabic were uploaded during early September 2012.[6] Anti-Islamic content had been added in post-production by dubbing, without the actors' knowledge.[7]
What was perceived as denigration of the Islamic prophet Muhammad resulted in demonstrations and violent protests against the video to break out on September 11 in Egypt and spread to other Arab and Muslim nations as well as to some western countries. The protests led to hundreds of injuries and over 50 deaths.[8][9][10][11]Fatwas calling for the harm of the video's participants were issued and Pakistani government minister Ghulam Ahmad Bilour offered a bounty for the killing of Nakoula, the producer.[12][13][14] The film has sparked debates about freedom of speech and Internet censorship.[15]
^"Anti-Muslim film got LA County permit for shoot". Reading Eagle. Associated Press. September 20, 2012. Archived from the original on May 31, 2014. Retrieved May 30, 2014. Anti-Muslim film had permit allowing 1-day shoot at LA County ranch, use of fire, animals
^Dion Nissenbaum; James Oberman; Erica Orden (September 13, 2012). "Behind Video, a Web of Questions". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on June 15, 2017. Retrieved September 22, 2012.
^Zachary Zahos (September 19, 2012). "The Art of Defamation". The Cornell Daily Sun. Archived from the original on September 19, 2012. Retrieved September 22, 2012.