Intermediate public transport (IPT), also known as paratransit, encompasses a range of hired road vehicles that offer flexible passenger transportation services. Unlike traditional public transit, IPT does not operate on a fixed schedule and may vary in its adherence to set routes.[1]
The concept of intermediate public transport exhibits considerable variation between developed and developing nations. In developed countries, it is typically a flexible, demand-responsive form of public transportation designed to provide point-to-point service. These systems are generally well-structured and organized. In developing countries, IPT often operates as an informal, cost-effective alternative to formal transportation modes. It tends to be unorganized and subject to minimal government regulation, serving as a prevalent form of spontaneous public transport that facilitates quick and convenient travel.[1]
The importance of IPT may extends beyond mobility, as it can also contribute to the economic well-being of those who operate these services. In some cases, drivers of vehicles such as tempos and autorickshaws can earn a substantial daily income, which supports their livelihoods.[2]
- ^ a b Jaiswal, Aishwarya; Manoj, M.; Tiwari, Geetam (2022-12-01). "A review of studies on service quality of intermediate public transport". IATSS Research. 46 (4): 537–546. doi:10.1016/j.iatssr.2022.09.002. ISSN 0386-1112.
- ^ Mall, Udit Narayan; Chauhan, Samradh Singh; Ghosh, Nilanshu; Jain, Himani (April 2023). How Does Intermediate Public Transport (IPT) System Operate in Lucknow? (Report). New Delhi: Council on Energy, Environment and Water.