Irish Republic

Irish Republic
Poblacht na hÉireann
Saorstát Éireann
1916
Disputed with the United Kingdom
1919–1922
Disputed with the United Kingdom
Anthem: God Save Ireland
(unofficial, popular)
Territory claimed by the Irish Republic
Territory claimed by the Irish Republic
StatusRevolutionary state
CapitalDublin
53°21′N 6°16′W / 53.350°N 6.267°W / 53.350; -6.267
Common languagesIrish, English
Religion
Christianity (Catholicism, Anglicanism, Presbyterianism)
Demonym(s)Irish
GovernmentUnitary parliamentary revolutionary republic
 
• 21 January – 1 April 1919
Cathal Brugha
• April 1919 – January 1922
Éamon de Valera
• January–August 1922
Arthur Griffith
• August–December 1922
W. T. Cosgrave
LegislatureDáil
Historical eraInterwar period
24 April 1916
21 January 1919
1919–1921
7 January 1922
6 December 1922
CurrencyPound sterling
Preceded by
Succeeded by
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
Irish Free State
Northern Ireland
Today part ofRepublic of Ireland
United Kingdom

The Irish Republic (Irish: Poblacht na hÉireann or Saorstát Éireann)[1] was a revolutionary state that declared its independence from the United Kingdom in January 1919.[2] The Republic claimed jurisdiction over the whole island of Ireland, but by 1920 its functional control was limited to only 21 of Ireland's 32 counties,[3] and British state forces maintained a presence across much of the north-east, as well as Cork, Dublin and other major towns. The republic was strongest in rural areas, and through its military forces was able to influence the population in urban areas that it did not directly control.

Its origins date back to the Easter Rising of 1916, when Irish republicans seized key locations in Dublin and proclaimed an Irish Republic.[4] The rebellion was crushed, but the survivors united under a reformed Sinn Féin party to campaign for a republic. The party won a clear majority of largely uncontested seats in the 1918 general election, and formed the first Dáil (legislature) of Ireland in Dublin on 21 January 1919. Republicans then established a government, a court system and a police force. At the same time, the Irish Volunteers, who came under the control of the Dáil and became known as the Irish Republican Army, fought against British state forces in the Irish War of Independence.

The War of Independence ended with the Anglo-Irish Treaty, signed on 6 December 1921 and narrowly approved by Dáil Éireann on 7 January 1922. A Provisional Government was set up under the terms of the treaty, but the Irish Republic nominally remained in existence until 6 December 1922, when 26 of the island's 32 counties became a self-governing British dominion called the Irish Free State. The island had been partitioned by the Government of Ireland Act 1920, and the six counties of Northern Ireland, which had been partitioned so as to create and ensure a unionist majority,[5] exercised their right under the treaty to opt out of the Free State, and remain in the United Kingdom.[6]

  1. ^ Laffan, Michael (1999). The Resurrection of Ireland. Cambridge University Press. p. 350. ISBN 9781139426299. Archived from the original on 24 December 2019. Retrieved 16 October 2015.
  2. ^ Kautt, William Henry (1999). The Anglo-Irish War, 1916–1921: A People's War. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 71. ISBN 978-0-275-96311-8. Archived from the original on 24 December 2018. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
  3. ^ M.E. Collins, Ireland, p. 252.
  4. ^ Berresford Ellis, Peter (1985). The Celtic Revolution: A Study in Anti-imperialism. Talybont: Y Lolfa. pp. 101–102. ISBN 0862430968. Archived from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
  5. ^ "CAIN: Democratic Dialogue: With all due respect - pluralism and parity of esteem (Report No. 7)". cain.ulster.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 4 October 2019. Retrieved 7 April 2019.
  6. ^ Hachey, Thomas E. et al. The Irish Experience: A Concise History Archived 11 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine 1996 p172

Irish Republic

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