Khanbaliq

Khanbaliq (Dadu of Yuan)
Native names
  • 汗八里
    Wade-Giles: Han-pa-li
     (Chinese)
  • Ханбалиг
    ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤ
    Qaɣan balɣasu
     (Mongolian)
(元)大都
(Yüan) Ta-tu
ᠳᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠤ
TypeFormer capital city
LocationBeijing, China
Coordinates39°56′0″N 116°24′0″E / 39.93333°N 116.40000°E / 39.93333; 116.40000
Founded1264
FounderKublai Khan
Khanbaliq
Chinese name
Chinese汗八里
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinHànbālǐ
Wade–GilesHan-pa-li
Mongolian name
Mongolian CyrillicХаан балгас, Ханбалиг
Mongolian scriptᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤ
Transcriptions
SASM/GNCHaan balgas
Dadu
Chinese name
Chinese()大都
Literal meaningGrand Capital (of Yuan)
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin(Yuán) Dàdū
Wade–Giles(Yüan) Ta-tu
Mongolian name
Mongolian scriptᠳᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠤ
Transcriptions
SASM/GNCDaidu
Beiping
Chinese北平
Literal meaning[Seat of the] Northern Pacified [Area]
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinBěipíng
Wade–GilesPei-p'ing
While "Cambaluc" was known to European geographers, its exact location – or its identity with Beijing  – was not quite clear. This map from 1610 repeats a fairly common pattern for the period: it shows two Khanbaliqs ("Combalich" in the land of "Kitaisk" on the Ob River and "Cambalu" in "Cataia" north of the Great Wall) and one Beijing ("Paquin", at its correct location in "Xuntien" prefecture).

Khanbaliq (Chinese: 汗八里; pinyin: Hánbālǐ; Mongolian: ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤ, Qaɣan balɣasu) or Dadu of Yuan (Chinese: 元大都; pinyin: Yuán Dàdū; Mongolian: ᠳᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠤ, Dayidu) was the winter capital[1] of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty in what is now Beijing, the capital of China today. It was located at the center of modern Beijing. The Secretariat directly administered the Central Region (腹裏) of the Yuan dynasty (comprising present-day Beijing, Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, and parts of Henan and Inner Mongolia) and dictated policies for the other provinces. As emperors of the Yuan dynasty, Kublai Khan and his successors also claimed supremacy over the entire Mongol Empire following the death of Möngke (Kublai's brother and predecessor) in 1259. Over time the unified empire gradually fragmented into a number of khanates.

Khanbaliq is the direct predecessor to modern Beijing. Several stations of the modern city's subway's Line 10 and Line 13 are named after the gates of Dadu.

  1. ^ Masuya Tomoko, "Seasonal capitals with permanent buildings in the Mongol empire", in Durand-Guédy, David (ed.), Turko-Mongol Rulers, Cities and City Life, Leiden, Brill, p. 236.

Khanbaliq

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