Kingdom of Amber (1146–1727) Kingdom of Jaipur (1727–1949) | |||||||||
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1128–1949 | |||||||||
Status |
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Capital | |||||||||
Common languages | Dhundari, Hindi | ||||||||
Government | Monarchy (1028–1818; 1947–1949) Princely state (1818–1947) | ||||||||
Maharaja Sawai | |||||||||
• 1128-1133 | Dulha Rai (first) | ||||||||
• 1922–1949 | Man Singh II (last) | ||||||||
History | |||||||||
• Established | 1128 | ||||||||
• Acceded to India | 1949 | ||||||||
Currency | Indian Rupee | ||||||||
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Today part of | Rajasthan, Republic of India |
The Kingdom of Amber, later the Kingdom of Jaipur or the Jaipur State, was located in the north-eastern historic Dhundhar region of Rajputana and was ruled by the Kachwaha Rajput clan. It was established by Dulha Rai, possibly the last ruler of the Kachchhapaghata dynasty of Gwalior who migrated to Dausa and started his kingdom there with the support of Chahamanas of Shakambhari with coalition of Gaur dynasty of sheopur in the 12th century. Mostly through 12th to 15th century, the kingdom faced stagnation, sources were scarce. Under its ruler, Raja Chandrasen of Amber became a Sisodia vassal and fought in the Battle of Khanwa under Raja Prithviraj Kachhwaha.
Under Raja Bharmal, the kingdom heavily aligned with the Mughals and he even married his daughter to Akbar. His son and grandson Raja Bhagwant Das and Raja Man Singh I were leading generals in Akbar's army and helped him in expanding the empire. Mirza Raja Jai Singh I served under Shah Jahan and became a distinguished general. He fell out of Aurangzeb's favor when he was suspected of helping Shivaji escape from Mughal captivity in 1664. Sawai Jai Singh II became the ruler during the decline of the Mughal Empire. He successfully rebelled against the Mughals in 1708 to regain his confiscated kingdom. After Jai Singh's death, the kingdom was drained of its resources during the civil war amongst his sons Ishwari Singh and Madho Singh I and the Marathas caused the Kingdom to fall into economic downturn.
It became a Princely State under the English East India Company rule after signing a treaty creating a subsidiary alliance with the Company in the year 1818, after the Third Anglo-Maratha War. It acceded to the independent India in 1947 and was integrated into India by 1949.[7][8] Upon integration, the ruler was granted a pension (privy purse), certain privileges, and the use of the title "Maharaja of Jaipur" by the Government of India.[7] However, the pension, privileges, and the use of the title were ended in 1971 by the 26th Amendment to the Constitution of India.[9][10]
Maharana Kumbha extended the boundaries of his state by capturing Abu, Eastern Sirohi, Ajmer, Uparmal, Bundi, Amer, Chatasu, Narena, Sambhar, Nagaur, Mandor, Didawana, Ranthambor, Dungarpur, Jawar, Gagron and many other towns. Some of these permanently remained in Mewar. Several chiefs named the Hadas of Bundi, the Kachhwahas of Amber, the Mohils of Chhapar Dronpur, the Sankhlas of Roon and Jangalu, the devadas of Sirohi, the Sindhals of Jetaran, the Panwars of Shri Nagar and other regularly served the state.
Rana Rai Mai issued from the fort and attacked the Sultan, who, being utterly defeated, fled to Mandu. He felt the disgrace of the defeat deeply and began to prepare a large army to avenge the disaster. When his preparations were complete, he sent his generalissimo, Zafar Khan, to plunder the eastern part of Mewar. The Rao of Begoon, Hada Chachikdeva, sent intelligence to the Maharana of the capture by Zafar Khan of Kotah, Bhainsror and Sheopur. The Maharana, collecting a large army and accompanied by the Rajas and governors of Aser, Raisen, Chanderi, Narwar, Boondi, Amber, Sambhar, Ajmer, Chatsoo, Lalsot, Marot, Toda and other places, started for Mandalgarh
Sahga's success against Ibrahim Lodi was the crowning achieve¬ ment of his career. It was the culmination of a series of successes against his neighbours, as a consequence of which the boundaries of Mewar were considerably extended. On the north they were pushed up as far as the Bayana river. In the east, Raisen, Kalpi and Chanderl were included within her territories. In the south, Dungarpur and Banswara were held by a vassal, and her frontiers ran far into the heart of Malwa. To the south-west, Sirohi was ruled by the Rana's son-in-law. Even the chiefs of Mar war and Ambar, according to Tod, acknowledged his allegianc.
ramusack-pol-integration
was invoked but never defined (see the help page).Between 1947 and 1949 all 600-odd ruling princes in India were pensioned off and their ancestral domains—the so-called 'princely states'—were submerged in the bodypolitic of the Indian union. Nowadays the few former rulers still alive are just ordinary citizens, while the ex-states survive—if at all—only in attenuated shape as components of larger administrative units. As a practical system of governance monarchy in India has been consigned to the dustbin of history.
Although the Indian states were alternately requested or forced into union with either India or Pakistan, the real death of princely India came when the Twenty-sixth Amendment Act (1971) abolished the princes' titles, privileges, and privy purses.
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