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LGBTQ rights in Israel

LGBTQ rights in Israel
StatusLegal since 1988 (but no record of enforcement of "buggery" law before this, and the Attorney General declared that laws against homosexuality would not be enforced in 1963)
Gender identityLegal sex change possible
MilitaryMandatory Enlistment includes LGBTQ people serving openly
Discrimination protectionsSexual orientation protection in employment and other services; both sexual orientation and gender identity protections in schools (see below)
Family rights
Recognition of relationshipsUnregistered cohabitation since 1994;
Same-sex marriages performed outside of Israel recognized since 2006, recognition of same-sex unions inside Tel-Aviv Yafo since 2020
RestrictionsOnly marriages sanctioned by the religious authorities may be performed within Israel (this also applies to opposite-sex couples who are not eligible for religious weddings), civil marriages (including same-sex marriages) performed elsewhere recognized
AdoptionSame-sex couples allowed to adopt[1]

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) rights in Israel are considered the most developed in the Middle East and among the most developed in Asia.[2][3][4][5][6][7] Although same-sex sexual activity was legalized in 1988, the former law against sodomy had not been enforced since a court decision in 1963. Israel became the first country in Asia to recognize unregistered cohabitation between same-sex couples, making it the first country in Asia to recognize same-sex unions in any capacity. Although same-sex marriages are not performed in the country, since Israel does not have civil non-religious marriages, and none of the recognized religious marriage institutions within the country perform same-sex marriages, Israeli law recognizes civil marriages (including same-sex marriages since 2006) performed elsewhere with the same legal rights as marriages performed in Israel. Discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation was prohibited in 1992. Same-sex couples are allowed to jointly adopt, following a landmark court decision in 2008. Previously, stepchild adoption, as well as limited co-guardianship rights for non-biological parents, were permitted. LGBTQ people are also allowed to serve openly in the military.

Tel Aviv was referred to by the Calgary Herald as one of the most gay-friendly cities in the world,[8] famous for its annual Pride parade and gay beach,[9] earning it the nickname "the gay capital of the Middle East" by Out magazine.[10] According to users of the website GayCities, it was ranked as the best gay city in 2011,[11] despite reports of some anti-LGBTQ violence during the 2000s,[12] which were criticized by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and President Shimon Peres. A monument dedicated to the gay victims of the Holocaust was erected in Tel Aviv in 2014.[13]

In 2018 an opinion poll commissioned by Channel 10 News during Pride Month reported that 58% of Israeli citizens support the legalization of same-sex marriage,[14] however in 2023 an international poll commissioned by the Pew Research Center reported that only 36% of Israeli citizens support same-sex marriage, while 56% oppose it.[15]

An opinion poll commissioned by Israel's Labor and Welfare Ministry in 2017 reported that 60% of Israelis support adoptions by same-sex couples.[16]

During International Pride Month on 21 June 2020, Tel Aviv-Yafo Municipality announced that same-sex couples would have exactly the same rights as opposite-sex marriages there, with this being provided by the municipality. Marriages inside the municipality will be legally recognized as others.[17]

  1. ^ "Parents welcome first baby born to gay couple via surrogacy in Israel". Jerusalem Post. 22 February 2023.
  2. ^ "The five most improved places for gay tolerance". The Independent. 17 September 2008. Israel is the only Middle-Eastern country to support gay rights legislation, and the country attracts gay people from Palestine and Lebanon. Tel Aviv has a growing scene and is tolerant and gay-friendly for both men and women.
  3. ^ "LGBT+ rights and issues in the Middle East". House of Commons Library. 9 February 2022. Except for Israel, there are no constitutional, employment, or other protections for LGBT+ people.
  4. ^ "Could the new government endanger Israel's status as an LGBTQ haven?". The Times of Israel. 18 January 2023. Israel is known as a gay haven in the Middle East, and Tel Aviv is frequently cited as one of the most gay-friendly cities in the world, with a Pride parade that draws hundreds of thousands of revelers from Israel and abroad
  5. ^ "LGBT Rights in Israel". Jewish Virtual Library. Today, LGBT rights in Israel are considered the most developed in the Middle East. Israel became the first country in Asia to recognize unregistered cohabitation between same-sex couples, making it the first country in Asia to recognize same-sex unions in any capacity.
  6. ^ "LGBTQ Life in Israel". Union for Reform Judaism. Israel has been called the "gay capital of the Middle East," which is no surprise to many of its supporters who have been touting its outstanding record on gay rights for years. Israel's LGBTQ citizens are afforded all manner of legal rights denied to many even in the Western world, including prohibitions on employment discrimination and civic recognition of marriage equality and adoption by same-sex couples.
  7. ^ "Gay Tel Aviv City Guide". Travel Gay. Gay rights in Israel are the most developed in the Middle East. The country originally inherited British legislation criminalising gay sex but the law was never enforced. The ban was repealed by the Knesset national assembly in 1988.
  8. ^ "The world's most gay-friendly places". Calgary Herald. 29 June 2011.
  9. ^ Grant, Anthony (2 July 2010). "Dispatch - Gay Tel Aviv". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 20 August 2013.
  10. ^ Kirchick, James (29 July 2007). "Was Arafat Gay?". Out. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 8 February 2014.
  11. ^ "Tel Aviv named 'world's best gay city' for 2011". The Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on 26 October 2015. Retrieved 20 August 2013.
  12. ^ Haaretz Service and News Agencies (1 August 2009). "Two killed in shooting at Tel Aviv gay center". Haaretz.com. Archived from the original on 5 October 2017. Retrieved 20 August 2013.
  13. ^ "Tel Aviv unveils first memorial to gay Holocaust victims". BBC News. 10 January 2014. Archived from the original on 31 March 2019. Retrieved 1 January 2015.
  14. ^ staff, T. O. I. "Most Israelis favor same-sex marriage, but half of MKs mum on issue". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
  15. ^ "How people around the world view same-sex marriage". 27 November 2023.
  16. ^ Cite error: The named reference ynetnews was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  17. ^ Peleg, Bar; Yaron, Lee (21 June 2020). "Tel Aviv 'Challenges the Government' by Announcing Recognition of Civil Partnerships". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 9 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

LGBTQ rights in Israel

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