Lagoa dos Patos

Lagoa dos Patos
Lagoa dos Patos from satellite
Lagoa dos Patos
Location	Brazil
Coordinates	31°06′S 51°15′W / 31.100°S 51.250°W / -31.100; -51.250
Type	lagoon
Primary inflows	Jacuí-Guaíba and Camaquã River
Primary outflows	São Gonçalo Channel
Catchment area	201,626 km2 (77,848 sq mi)[1]
Max. length	290 kilometres (180 mi)
Max. width	71 kilometres (44 mi)
Surface area	10,100 km2 (3,900 sq mi)[2] to 10,360 km2 (4,000 sq mi)[1]
Average depth	6 m (20 ft)[3]

Lagoa dos Patos (Portuguese pronunciation: [laˈɡoɐ dus ˈpatus]; English: Ducks' Lagoon) is a coastal lagoon located in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. It covers an area of 10,100 km² (3,900 sq mi),^[2] is 290 kilometres (180 mi) long and has a maximum width of 71 kilometres (44 mi).^[4] It is the largest choked coastal lagoon in the world,^[5] the largest coastal lagoon in South America, and the largest lagoon in Brazil.^[2]

Lagoa dos Patos is separated from the Atlantic Ocean by a sandbar about 8.0 kilometres (5 mi) wide. The Jacuí-Guaíba and Camaquã Rivers empty into it, while the navigable São Gonçalo Channel, which enters Lagoa dos Patos near the town of Pelotas, connects Lagoa dos Patos to Lagoa Mirim to the south.^[2] The Rio Grande, at the south end of Lagoa dos Patos, forms the outlet to the Atlantic.^[2]

This lagoon is evidently the remains of an ancient depression in the coastline shut in by sand bars built up by the combined action of wind and current. The shallow lagoon is located at sea level and its waters are affected by the tides, normally they are brackish only a short distance above the Rio Grande outlet,^[2] but this can vary a lot. In droughts and favorable winds, sea water can be carried up to almost the entire lagoon.^[6]

The lagoon's largest and most fertile island is the Ilha dos Marinheiros, which is located near the eastern shore. The island is geopolitically part of the municipality of Rio Grande.^{[citation needed]}

The lagoon hosts a rich biodiversity, including fresh- and brackish water fish, and water birds such as black-necked swan, coscoroba swan and Chilean flamingo.^[2] Top predators from ocean ecosystem, notably common bottlenose dolphins, can sometimes be seen at Lagoa dos Patos^[7][8] and exceptionally southern right whales are found at the Rio Grande outlet.^[9][10]