Clade of mammals
LaurasiatheriaTemporal range:
Paleocene–Recent
From top to right: European hedgehog , Lyle's flying fox , Siberian tiger , Indian pangolin , red deer and white rhino . Representing the living orders: Eulipotyphla , Chiroptera , Carnivora , Pholidota , Artiodactyla and Perissodactyla , comprising Laurasiatheria.
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Mammalia
Magnorder:
Boreoeutheria
Superorder:
Laurasiatheria Waddell et al., 1999[ 1]
Subgroups
Synonyms
Eurasiatheria (Matsui & Pyenson, 2023) [ 2]
Hoplopoda (Goldfuss, 1820)
Laurasiaplacentalia (Arnason, 2008) [ 3]
Laurasiatheria (; "Laurasian beasts") is a superorder of placental mammals that groups together true insectivores (eulipotyphlans ), bats (chiropterans ), carnivorans , pangolins (pholidotes ), even-toed ungulates (artiodactyls ), odd-toed ungulates (perissodactyls ), and all their extinct relatives. From systematics and phylogenetic perspectives, it is subdivided into order Eulipotyphla and clade Scrotifera .[ 1] [ 4] [ 5] It is a sister group to Euarchontoglires with which it forms the magnorder Boreoeutheria . Laurasiatheria was discovered on the basis of the similar gene sequences shared by the mammals belonging to it; no anatomical features have yet been found that unite the group, although a few have been suggested such as a small coracoid process, a simplified hindgut (reversed in artiodactyls), high intelligence, lack of grasping hands (though mimicry of grasping is observed in felines) and allantoic vessels that are large to moderate in size.[ 6] The Laurasiatheria clade is based on DNA sequence analyses and retrotransposon presence/absence data . The superorder originated on the northern supercontinent of Laurasia , after it split from Gondwana when Pangaea broke up.[ 1] Its last common ancestor is supposed to have lived between ca. 76 to 90 million years ago.[ 7] [ 8]
^ a b c Waddell, Peter J.; Okada, Norihiro; Hasegawa, Masami (1999). "Towards Resolving the Interordinal Relationships of Placental Mammals" . Systematic Biology . 48 (1): 1–5. doi :10.1093/sysbio/48.1.1 . PMID 12078634 .
^ Matsui, K.; Pyenson, N. D. (2023). "New evidence for the antiquity of Desmostylus (Desmostylia) from the Skooner Gulch Formation of California" . Royal Society Open Science . 10 (6). 221648. Bibcode :2023RSOS...1021648M . doi :10.1098/rsos.221648 . PMC 10264998 . PMID 37325600 .
^ Arnason U., Adegoke J. A., Gullberg A., Harley E. H., Janke A., Kullberg M. (2008.) "Mitogenomic relationships of placental mammals and molecular estimates of their divergences." Gene.; 421(1–2):37–51
^ Nikaido, M.; Rooney, A. P. & Okada, N. (1999). "Phylogenetic relationships among cetartiodactyls based on insertions of short and long interpersed elements: Hippopotamuses are the closest extant relatives of whales" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . 96 (18): 10261–10266. Bibcode :1999PNAS...9610261N . doi :10.1073/pnas.96.18.10261 . PMC 17876 . PMID 10468596 .
^ Groves, Colin; Grubb, Peter (1 November 2011). Ungulate Taxonomy . JHU Press. p. 27. ISBN 978-1-4214-0093-8 . OCLC 708357723 .
^ O'Leary, Maureen A.; Bloch, Jonathan I.; Flynn, John J.; Gaudin, Timothy J.; Giallombardo, Andres; Giannini, Norberto P.; Goldberg, Suzann L.; Kraatz, Brian P.; Luo, Zhe-Xi; Meng, Jin; Ni, Xijun; Novacek, Michael J.; Perini, Fernando A.; Randall, Zachary S.; Rougier, Guillermo W.; Sargis, Eric J.; Silcox, Mary T.; Simmons, Nancy B.; Spaulding, Michelle; Velazco, Paúl M.; Weksler, Marcelo; Wible, John R.; Cirranello, Andrea L. (2013). "The Placental Mammal Ancestor and the Post–K-Pg Radiation of Placentals" . Science . 339 (6120): 662–667. Bibcode :2013Sci...339..662O . doi :10.1126/science.1229237 . hdl :11336/7302 . PMID 23393258 . S2CID 206544776 .
^ dos Reis, Mario; Inoue, Jun; Hasegawa, Masami; Asher, Robert J.; Donoghue, Philip C. J.; Yang, Ziheng (7 September 2012). "Phylogenomic datasets provide both precision and accuracy in estimating the timescale of placental mammal phylogeny" . Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences . 279 (1742): 3491–3500. doi :10.1098/rspb.2012.0683 . ISSN 0962-8452 . PMC 3396900 . PMID 22628470 .
^ Zhou, Xuming; Xu, Shixia; Xu, Junxiao; Chen, Bingyao; Zhou, Kaiya; Yang, Guang (1 January 2012). "Phylogenomic Analysis Resolves the Interordinal Relationships and Rapid Diversification of the Laurasiatherian Mammals" . Systematic Biology . 61 (1): 150–64. doi :10.1093/sysbio/syr089 . ISSN 1063-5157 . PMC 3243735 . PMID 21900649 .