Lev Landau

Lev Landau
Лев Ландау
Landau in 1962
Born	Lev Davidovich Landau (1908-01-22)22 January 1908 Baku, Caucasus Viceroyalty, Russian Empire
Died	1 April 1968(1968-04-01) (aged 60) Moscow, Soviet Union
Resting place	Novodevichy Cemetery, Moscow
Citizenship	Russian Empire Soviet Union Azerbaijan Democratic Republic[citation needed]
Education	Baku Economical Technical School
Alma mater	Baku State University Leningrad State University (diploma, 1927) Leningrad Physico-Technical Institute (D.Sc., 1934)
Known for	List Landau damping Landau distribution Landau gauge Landau pole Landau susceptibility Landau free energy Landau levels Landau's Fermi liquid theory Landau's phase transition theory Stuart–Landau equation Ginzburg–Landau theory Darrieus–Landau instability Landau kinetic equation Landau–Peierls instability Landau singularities Landau–Raychaudhuri equation Landau–Zener formula Landau–Squire jet Landau–Levich problem Landau–Pekar equations Landau–Teller model Landau–Lifshitz fluctuating hydrodynamics Landau–Lifshitz model Landau–Lifshitz pseudotensor Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation Landau–Pomeranchuk–Migdal effect Landau–Lifshitz force Guderley–Landau–Stanyukovich problem Landau–Placzek ratio Landau–Yang theorem Landau derivative Ivanenko–Landau–Kähler equation Landau–Lifshitz aeroacoustic equation Landau principle Landau–Hopf theory of turbulence Density matrix DLVO theory Open quantum system Polaron Roton Superfluidity Superconductivity Course of Theoretical Physics Quantum hydrodynamics Quasiparticle theory Zero sound Second sound Antiferromagnetism
Spouse	K. T. Drobanzeva (married 1937; 1 child) (1908–1984)
Awards	Stalin Prize (1946) Max Planck Medal (1960) Fritz London Memorial Prize (1960) Nobel Prize in Physics (1962)
Scientific career
Fields	Theoretical physics
Institutions	Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute and Kharkiv University (later Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology) Institute for Physical Problems (RAS) MSU Faculty of Physics
Academic advisors	Niels Bohr
Doctoral students	Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov Aleksandr Ilyich Akhiezer Igor Ekhielevich Dzyaloshinskii Lev Gor'kov Isaak Markovich Khalatnikov Lev Petrovich Pitaevskii
Other notable students	Evgeny Lifshitz

Lev Davidovich Landau (Russian: Лев Дави́дович Ланда́у; 22 January 1908 – 1 April 1968) was a Soviet physicist who made fundamental contributions to many areas of theoretical physics.^[1][2][3] He was considered as one of the last scientists who were universally well-versed and made seminal contributions to all branches of physics.^[4] He is credited with laying the foundations of twentieth century condensed matter physics,^[5] and is also considered arguably the greatest Soviet theoretical physicist of the twentieth century.^[6]

His accomplishments include the independent co-discovery of the density matrix method^[7][8] in quantum mechanics (alongside John von Neumann), the quantum mechanical theory of diamagnetism, the theory of superfluidity, the theory of second-order phase transitions, invention of order parameter technique,^[9] the Ginzburg–Landau theory of superconductivity, the theory of Fermi liquids, the explanation of Landau damping in plasma physics, the Landau pole in quantum electrodynamics, the two-component theory of neutrinos, and Landau's equations for S-matrix singularities.^[10] He received the 1962 Nobel Prize in Physics for his development of a mathematical theory of superfluidity that accounts for the properties of liquid helium II at a temperature below 2.17 K (−270.98 °C).^[11]