Back شفوي لساني Arabic Езично-устнена съгласна Bulgarian Kensonenn teod-gweuz BR Linguolabial German Lango-labialo EO Consonante linguolabial Spanish Consonne linguo-labiale French जिह्वौष्ठ्य व्यंजन HI Konsonan lidah-bibir ID Consonante linguolabiale Italian
| Linguolabial | |
|---|---|
| ◌̼ |
Linguolabials or apicolabials[1] are consonants articulated by placing the tongue tip or blade against the upper lip, which is drawn downward to meet the tongue. They represent one extreme of a coronal articulatory continuum which extends from linguolabial to subapical palatal places of articulation. Cross-linguistically, linguolabial consonants are very rare. They are found in a cluster of languages in Vanuatu, in the Kajoko dialect of Bijago in Guinea-Bissau, in Umotína (a recently extinct Bororoan language of Brazil), and as paralinguistic sounds elsewhere. They are also relatively common in disordered speech, and the diacritic is specifically provided for in the extensions to the IPA.
Linguolabial consonants are transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet by adding the "seagull"[2] diacritic, U+033C ◌̼ COMBINING SEAGULL BELOW, to the corresponding alveolar consonant, or with the apical diacritic, U+033A ◌̺ COMBINING INVERTED BRIDGE BELOW, on the corresponding bilabial consonant.[3]
- ^ The term apicolabial is older, but Ladefoged and Maddieson point out that often these sounds are not apical.
- ^ Olson et al. (2009), p. 521.
- ^ Pullum, Geoffrey K.; Ladusaw, William A. (1996). Phonetic Symbol Guide (2nd ed.). p. 256. ISBN 9780226685366. They note that the apical diacritic was added to the IPA after the linguolabial diacritic, and would have made the latter unnecessary.