Lisbon

Lisbon Lisboa
Capital city
Skyline of Lisbon with the 25 de Abril Bridge and Christ the King in the background Belém Tower Rua Augusta Arch Monument of the Discoveries Jerónimos Monastery Eduardo VII Park Lisbon Cathedral Vasco da Gama Tower (left) in the Parque das Nações with Vasco da Gama Bridge (background)
Flag Coat of arms Logo
Motto(s):  Mui Nobre e Sempre Leal "Very Noble and Always Loyal"
Location of Lisbon
Lisbon Location within Portugal Show map of Portugal Lisbon Location within Europe Show map of Europe
Coordinates: 38°43′31″N 09°09′00″W / 38.72528°N 9.15000°W / 38.72528; -9.15000
Country	Portugal
Metro	Lisbon metropolitan area
District	Lisbon
Historic province	Estremadura
Settlement	c. 1200 BCE
Roman Olissipo	c. 138 BCE
Moorish rule	711 CE
Siege of Lisbon	1147 CE
Capital city	1256 CE
Civil parishes	(see text)
Government
• Type	Local administrative unit
• Body	Concelho/Câmara Municipal
• Mayor	Carlos Moedas
• Municipal chair	Rosário Farmhouse
Area
• Capital city	100.05 km2 (38.63 sq mi)
• Metro	3,015.24 km2 (1,164.19 sq mi)
Elevation	2 m (7 ft)
Population  (2023)
• Capital city	567,131[1]
• Density	5,445.7/km2 (14,104/sq mi)
• Metro	2,961,177[2]
Demonym(s)	Lisboan Lisboeta Olissiponense Alfacinha (colloquial)
Time zone	UTC (WET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+1 (WEST)
Postal zone	1000-000 to 1999-XXX Lisboa
Area code	(+351) 21 XXX XXXX
Patron saint	Vincent of Saragossa and Anthony of Lisbon
Municipal address	Praça do Município, 1 1149-014 Lisboa
Municipal holidays	13 June (St. Anthony's Day)
Website	cm-lisboa.pt

Lisbon (/ˈlɪzbən/ ^ⓘ LIZ-bən; Portuguese: Lisboa [liʒˈβoɐ] ^ⓘ)^[3] is the capital and largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 567,131 as of 2023 within its administrative limits^[4] and 2,961,177 within the metropolis.^[5] Lisbon is mainland Europe's westernmost capital city (second overall after Reykjavik) and the only one along the Atlantic coast, the others (Reykjavik and Dublin) being on islands. The city lies in the western portion of the Iberian Peninsula, on the northern shore of the River Tagus. The western portion of its metro area, the Portuguese Riviera, hosts the westernmost point of Continental Europe, culminating at Cabo da Roca.

Lisbon is one of the oldest cities in the world^[6] and the second-oldest European capital city (after Athens), predating other modern European capitals by centuries.^[7] Settled by pre-Celtic tribes and later founded and civilized by the Phoenicians, Julius Caesar made it a municipium called Felicitas Julia,^[8] adding the term to the name Olissipo. After the fall of the Roman Empire, it was ruled by a series of Germanic tribes from the 5th century, most notably the Visigoths. Later it was captured by the Moors in the 8th century. In 1147, Afonso Henriques conquered the city and in 1255, it became Portugal's capital, replacing Coimbra.^[9] It has since been the political, economic, and cultural centre of the country.

As the political centre of the country, Lisbon hosts the government, National Assembly, Supreme Court of Justice, Armed Forces and residence of the head of state. It is also the centre of Portuguese diplomacy, with ambassadors from 86 countries residing in the city, as well as representations from Taiwan and Palestine.^[10] About 2.96 million people live in the Lisbon metropolitan area, which extends beyond the city's administrative area, making it the third largest metropolitan area in the Iberian Peninsula (after Madrid and Barcelona) as well as figuring amongst the 10 most populous urban areas in the European Union.^[11][12] It represents approximately 28% of the country's population.

Lisbon is recognised as an alpha-level global city because of its importance in finance, commerce, fashion, media, entertainment, arts, international trade, education, and tourism.^[13][14] Lisbon is amongst the two Portuguese cities (the other being Porto) to be recognised as a global city, and it is also home to three companies in the Global 2000 (EDP Group, Galp Energia and Jerónimo Martins).^[15][16][17] Lisbon is one of the major economic centres in Europe, with a growing financial sector, with PSI-20 being part of Euronext, the largest center for debt and funds listings in the world. The Lisbon region has a higher GDP PPP per capita^{[broken anchor]} than any other region in Portugal. Its GDP PPP amounts to US$179 billion and thus $61,713 per capita.

When it comes to working and employment conditions, Lisbon has some of the lowest wages and purchasing power among European capitals. Energy (electricity, gas and fuel), along with supermarkets, housing, and various government taxes, rank among the most expensive, even compared to the richest EU countries. The gap between the highest and lowest wages is, again, the largest inside the "Euro Zone". The lowest wages can offer a value per hour as little as 6-7 euros. Due to these reasons Lisbon has had a high level of "youth emigration" mostly to other European cities of countries as France, UK, Luxembourg, Switzerland and Belgium. ^{[18][19][20][21]} The city occupies the 40th place of highest gross earnings in the world and, with almost 21,000 millionaires, is the 11th European city by number of millionaires and the 14th by number of billionaires.^[22][23] Most of the headquarters of multinational corporations in Portugal are located in the Lisbon area.^[24]