Back Litosfeer AF Foldlic clūt ANG غلاف الأرض الصخري Arabic Litosfera AST Litosfer AZ لیتوسفر AZB Литосфера BA Litospera BCL Літасфера BE Літасфэра BE-X-OLD
A lithosphere (from Ancient Greek λίθος (líthos) 'rocky' and σφαίρα (sphaíra) 'sphere') is the rigid,[1] outermost rocky shell of a terrestrial planet or natural satellite. On Earth, it is composed of the crust and the lithospheric mantle, the topmost portion of the upper mantle that behaves elastically on time scales of up to thousands of years or more. The crust and upper mantle are distinguished on the basis of chemistry and mineralogy.
- ^ Skinner, B. J.; Porter, S. C. (1987). "The Earth: Inside and Out". Physical Geology. John Wiley & Sons. p. 17. ISBN 0-471-05668-5.