District and municipality in Laos
District & municipality in Laos
Luang Phabang ,[ 4] [ 5] [ 6] [ 7] (Lao : ຫລວງພະບາງ /ຫຼວງພະບາງ ) or Louangphabang [ 8] [ 9] [ 10] [ 11] (pronounced [lǔaŋ pʰāʔ.bàːŋ] ), commonly transliterated into Western languages from the pre-1975 Lao spelling ຫຼວງພຣະບາງ (ຣ = silent r ) as Luang Prabang ,[ 12] [ 13] [ 14] literally meaning "Royal Buddha Image ", is a city[ 15] in north central Laos , consisting of 58 adjacent villages, of which 33 comprise the UNESCO Town of Luang Prabang World Heritage Site .[ 16] [ 17] It was listed in 1995 for unique and remarkably well preserved architectural, religious and cultural heritage, a blend of the rural and urban developments over several centuries, including the French colonial influences during the 19th and 20th centuries.[ 18]
The centre of the city consists of four main roads and is located on a peninsula at the confluence of the Nam Khan and Mekong River . Luang Prabang is well known for its numerous Buddhist temples and monasteries. Every morning, hundreds of monks from the various monasteries walk through the streets collecting alms . One of the city's major landmarks is Mount Phou Si ; a large steep hill which despite the constrained scale of the city, is 150 metres (490 ft) high; a steep staircase leads to Wat Chom Si shrine and an overlook of the city and the rivers.[ 20]
The city was formerly the capital of a kingdom of the same name. It had also been known by the ancient name of Xieng Thong .[ 21] It was the royal capital and seat of government of the Kingdom of Laos , until the Pathet Lao takeover in 1975. The city is part of Luang Prabang District of Luang Prabang Province and is the capital and administrative centre of the province. It lies approximately 300 km (190 mi) north of the capital Vientiane . Currently, the population of the city as a whole is roughly 56,000 inhabitants with the UNESCO protected site being inhabited by around 24,000.[ 16] [ 22] [ 23]
^ a b Sengnaly, Phanthong. "Conference of Local Committee For World Heritage" . www.luangprabang-heritage.org . Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 16 June 2016 .
^ Cite error: The named reference NOAA
was invoked but never defined (see the help page ).
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^ Ricklefs, M. C.; Lockhart, Bruce; Lau, Albert; Reyes, Portia; Aung-Thwin, Maitrii (19 November 2010). A New History of Southeast Asia . Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9781137015549 . Retrieved 15 June 2016 . [permanent dead link ]
^ Saqalli, Mehdi; Jourdren, Marine; Maestripieri, Nicolas; Guillerme, Sylvie; Maire, Eric; Soulileuth, Bounsamai; Latsachach, Keoudone; Sounyafong, Phabvilay; Tammahuxsa, Louy; Sengtaheuanghoung, Oloth; Ribolzi, Olivier; Becerra, Sylvia (1 June 2015). "Backward waters, modern waters: Perception-Based Regional Mapping territory uses and water-related sanitary stakes in Luang Phabang area (Lao PDR)" (PDF) . Applied Geography . 60 : 184–193. Bibcode :2015AppGe..60..184S . doi :10.1016/j.apgeog.2015.04.001 . Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 October 2019. Retrieved 28 August 2019 .
^ Ladwig, Patrice (1 January 2014). "Worshipping Relics and Animating Statues. Transformations of Buddhist statecraft in contemporary Laos" . Modern Asian Studies . 49 (6): 1875–1902. doi :10.1017/S0026749X13000486 . ISSN 0026-749X . S2CID 145208558 . Retrieved 15 June 2016 .
^ Lockhart, Bruce M. (1 January 2002). "Review of Laos Culture and Society; The Politics of Ritual and Remembrance: Laos since 1975, Grant Evans; Theravadins, Colonialists and Commissars in Laos; Essai d'Anthropologie Politique Sur Le Laos Contemporain: Marché, Socialisme, Et Genies". Journal of Southeast Asian Studies . 33 (1): 180–184. doi :10.1017/s0022463402300080 . JSTOR 20072402 .
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^ a b Application of Information and Communication Technology to Promote Sustainable Development A Case Study: Town of Luang Prabang, Lao PDR Archived 8 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine (pdf) Tokyo Institute of Technology, Retrieved 15 June 2016
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^ Promkerd, Prasartthong; Khoprasert, Yuvaluk; Virathavone, Phongthep; Thoummabouth, Manivone; Sirisak, Ouane; Jäkel, Thomas (1 March 2008). "Factors explaining the abundance of rodents in the city of Luang Prabang, Lao PDR, as revealed by field and household surveys" . Integrative Zoology . 3 (1): 11–20. doi :10.1111/j.1749-4877.2008.00069.x . ISSN 1749-4877 . PMID 21396046 .
^ "General Overview" . www.luangprabang-heritage.org . Archived from the original on 19 April 2016. Retrieved 15 June 2016 .