  Site location in Tanzania | |
| Location | Babati District, Manyara Region,  Tanzania |
|---|---|
| Region | Eastern Africa |
| Coordinates | 4°15′24″S 35°18′38″E / 4.25667°S 35.31056°E |
| Type | Settlement |
| History | |
| Periods | Neolithic |
| Site notes | |
| Condition | Critically Endangered |
| Ownership | Tanzanian Government |
| Management | Antiquities Division, Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism [1] |
| Official name | Luxmanda Prehistoric Site |
| Type | Cultural |
Luxmanda is an archaeological site located in the north-central Babati District of Tanzania. It was discovered in 2012. Excavations in the area have identified it as the largest and southernmost settlement site of the Savanna Pastoral Neolithic (SPN),[2] an archaeologically-recognized pastoralist culture centered in eastern Africa during a time period known as the Pastoral Neolithic (ca. 5000–1200 BP).[2] Radiocarbon dating of charcoal, human collagen, and organic matter in ceramic artifacts indicate that Luxmanda was occupied between 3,200 to 2,900 years ago.[2] Ceramics (of the Narosura type), lithics, worked bone, ivory, and ostrich eggshell assemblages in addition to livestock and human bones have been recovered from the Luxmanda site.[3] Large grinding stones have also been found, though their function remains uncertain.[1] The people of Luxmanda were highly specialized pastoralists, relying on cattle, sheep, goats, and donkeys for subsistence.[2] Their linguistic affiliation is unknown, but some historical linguists have speculated that the peoples of the SPN spoke Cushitic languages. The Pastoral Neolithic was followed by the Pastoral Iron Age and the Bantu Expansion.[4]
- ^ "Antiquities Division". Retrieved 21 Jul 2022.
- ^ a b c d Grillo, Katherine; Prendergast, Mary; et al. (2018). "Pastoral Neolithic settlement at Luxmanda, Tanzania" (PDF). Journal of Field Archaeology. 43 (2): 102–120. doi:10.1080/00934690.2018.1431476. S2CID 135287460.
- ^ Langley, Michelle C., Mary E. Prendergast, and Katherine M. Grillo (2017). "Organic technology in the Pastoral Neolithic: osseous and eggshell artefacts from Luxmanda, Tanzania". Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. 11: 1–14. doi:10.1007/s12520-017-0528-z. S2CID 134057537.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Alison Crowther, Mary E. Prendergast, Dorian Q. Fuller, Nicole Boivin (2017). "Subsistence mosaics, forager-farmer interactions, and the transition to food production in eastern Africa". Quaternary International. xxx: 5. Bibcode:2018QuInt.489..101C. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2017.01.014.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)