Mary Todd Lincoln

Mary Todd Lincoln
Mary Todd Lincoln while First Lady in 1861
First Lady of the United States
In role March 4, 1861 – April 15, 1865
President	Abraham Lincoln
Preceded by	Harriet Lane (acting)
Succeeded by	Eliza Johnson
Personal details
Born	Mary Ann Todd (1818-12-13)December 13, 1818 Lexington, Kentucky, U.S.
Died	July 16, 1882(1882-07-16) (aged 63) Springfield, Illinois, U.S.
Resting place	Lincoln Tomb
Spouse	Abraham Lincoln ​ ​ (m. 1842; died 1865)​
Children	Robert Edward Willie Tad
Parent(s)	Robert Smith Todd Elizabeth Ann Parker Todd
Signature

Mary Ann Todd Lincoln (December 13, 1818 – July 16, 1882) served as the First Lady of the United States from 1861 until the assassination of her husband, President Abraham Lincoln, in 1865.

Mary Todd was born into a large and wealthy slave-owning family in Kentucky, although Mary never owned slaves and in her adulthood came to oppose slavery. Well educated, after finishing-school in her late teens, she moved to Springfield, the capital of Illinois. She lived there with her married sister Elizabeth Todd Edwards, the wife of an Illinois congressman. Before she married Abraham Lincoln, Mary was courted by his long-time political opponent Stephen A. Douglas.

Mary Lincoln staunchly supported her husband's career and political ambitions and throughout his presidency she was active in keeping national morale high during the Civil War. She acted as the White House social coordinator, throwing lavish balls and redecorating the White House at great expense; her spending was the source of much consternation. She was seated next to Abraham when he was assassinated in the President's Box at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C., on April 14, 1865.

The Lincolns had four sons of whom only the eldest, Robert, survived both parents. The deaths of her husband and three of her sons weighed heavily on her. Young Thomas (Tad) who died suddenly in 1871, had just spent extended time traveling with her, after Robert married. Mary Lincoln suffered with physical and mental health issues. She had frequent migraines, which were exacerbated by a head injury in 1863. She likely suffered with depression or possibly bipolar disorder. She was briefly institutionalized for psychiatric illness in 1875, and then spent several years traveling in Europe. She later retired to the home of her sister in Springfield, where she died in 1882 at age 63. She is buried with her husband and three younger sons in the Lincoln Tomb, a National Historic Landmark.