Mastema

Mastema (Hebrew: מַשְׂטֵמָה Masṭēmā; Ge'ez: መሰቴማ Mesetēma), Mastemat, or Mansemat,^[1]^[2] is an evil angel in the Book of Jubilees.^[3] He first appears in the literature of the Second Temple Period as a personification of the Hebrew word mastemah (מַשְׂטֵמָה), meaning "hatred", "hostility", "enmity", or "persecution".

In the Book of Jubilees, Mastema requests hosts of demons, the spirits of the Nephilim, from God in order to tempt and corrupt humanity. He appears to various prophets and puts them to the test. Throughout the work, Mastema substitutes evil actions attributed to Yahweh in the Torah and abolishes the Godhead of the Hebrew tradition from malice. Nevertheless, Mastema remains subordinative to the Godhead.

^ Oliver, Evelyn Dorothy; Lewis, James R. (2008). Angels A to Z (2nd ed.). Canton, MI: Visible Ink Press. pp. 240–1. ISBN 978-1-57859-212-8Internet Archive{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
^ Bane, Theresa (2012). Encyclopedia Of Demons In World Religions And Cultures. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company. p. 220. ISBN 978-0-7864-6360-2Internet Archive{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
^ PREGILL, E. B. M. (2017). The Evolution and Uses of the Stories of the Prophets. EVOLUTION, 2. 65

[1] Oliver, Evelyn Dorothy; Lewis, James R. (2008). Angels A to Z (2nd ed.). Canton, MI: Visible Ink Press. pp. 240–1. ISBN 978-1-57859-212-8Internet Archive{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)

[2] Bane, Theresa (2012). Encyclopedia Of Demons In World Religions And Cultures. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company. p. 220. ISBN 978-0-7864-6360-2Internet Archive{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)

[3] PREGILL, E. B. M. (2017). The Evolution and Uses of the Stories of the Prophets. EVOLUTION, 2. 65

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