Mongol invasions of India

Mongol invasions of India
Part of the Mongol invasions and conquests
Date24 November 1221-1327
Location
Modern-day Pakistan; Multan; Beas River; Punjab; Kili; Delhi; Amroha; Ravi River
Result Delhi Sultanate victory
  • Mongol forces expelled from the Indian Subcontinent
Belligerents
Mongol Empire Delhi Sultanate
Commanders and leaders
Qutlugh Khwaja (DOW)
Ali beg 
Tartaq 
Taraghai
Kopek
Hiljak
Iqbalmand
Abdullah son of Hulagu Khan[1]
Targhi
Saldi
Zulju
Tarmashirin
Ghazan Khan
Ghiyasuddin Balban
Jalal-ud-Din Khalji
Alauddin Khalji
Zafar Khan 
Malik Kafur
Ulugh Khan
Nusrat Khan Jalesari
Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq

The Mongol Empire launched numerous invasions into the Indian subcontinent from 1221 to 1327, with many of the later raids made by the Qara'unas of Mongol origin. The Mongols occupied parts of the subcontinent for decades. As the Mongols progressed into the Indian hinterland and reached the outskirts of Delhi, the Delhi Sultanate of India led a campaign against them in which the Mongol army suffered serious defeats.[2]

Delhi Sultanate officials viewed war with the Mongols as one of the sultan's primary duties. While the sultanate's chroniclers described the conflicts between the Tengrist Mongols and Muslim community in binary terms, with the Delhi Sultanate being an island of Islamic civilization surrounded by Hindus and Buddhist to its north and south, it ignored the fact that a large number of the sultanate's elites and monarchs were of Turkic/Mongol ethnicity or had previously served in their armed contingents.[3]

  1. ^ A. B. M. Habibullah 1992, p. 317.
  2. ^ Herbert M. J. Loewe. The Mongols.
  3. ^ Kumar, Sunil (2009). "The Ignored Elites: Turks, Mongols and a Persian Secretarial Class in the Early Delhi Sultanate". Modern Asian Studies. 43 (1): 45–77. doi:10.1017/S0026749X07003319. ISSN 0026-749X. JSTOR 20488071.

Mongol invasions of India

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