Back الجبهة الوطنية لتحرير مورو Arabic Moro Milli Qurtuluş Cəbhəsi AZ Front d'Alliberament Nacional Moro Catalan MNLF CEB Nationale Befreiungsfront der Moros German Moro National Liberation Front ET Front Moro de libération nationale French Ƙungiyar Tawaye ta Moro HA Nacionalna fronta oslobođenja Moro Croatian Front Pembebasan Nasional Moro ID

Moro National Liberation Front

Not to be confused with Moro Islamic Liberation Front.

Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF)
الجبهة الوطنية لتحرير مورو‎
LeadersDisputed since 1996
Nur Misuari (MNLF) and Mus Sema (MNLF EC-15)[1]
Dates of operationOctober 21, 1972 – September 2, 1996
(as a secessionist group)[2]
September 2, 1996 – present
(as a political organization)
HeadquartersSulu, Philippines
Active regionsMindanao, Philippines
Ideology
Anti-Malaysian sentiment (Misuari faction)[4][5][6]
[7][8]
AlliesState allies

Non-state allies

OpponentsState opponents

Non-state opponents

Battles and warsMoro conflict
Designated as a terrorist group by Malaysia (Misuari faction)[5][6]
Websitewww.mnlf.org.ph

The Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF; Arabic: الجبهة الوطنية لتحرير مورو) is a political organization in the Philippines that was founded in 1972.[1][11] It started as a splinter group of the Muslim Independence Movement.[1] The MNLF was the organization most active in the Moro conflict for about two decades beginning from the 1970s.[1]

In 1996, the MNLF signed a landmark peace agreement with the Philippine government under the administration of President Fidel Ramos that saw the creation of the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM), an area composed of two mainland provinces and three island provinces in which the predominantly Muslim population enjoys a degree of self-rule.[12] Nur Misuari was installed as the region's governor but his rule ended in violence when he led a failed rebellion against the Philippine government in November 2001,[12] and fled to Sabah before being deported back to the Philippines by the Malaysian authorities.[1][13][14]

The MNLF is internationally recognized by the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) and its Parliamentary Union of OIC Member States (PUIC).[15] Since 1977, the MNLF has been an observer member of the OIC.[16] On January 30, 2012, MNLF became an observer member of the Parliamentary Union of Islamic Cooperation (PUIC), as approved during the 7th PUIC global session held in Palembang, Indonesia.[17]

  1. ^ a b c d e Daniel Cassman (August 14, 2015). "Moro National Liberation Front". Mapping Militant Organizations – Stanford university.
  2. ^ "Final Peace Agreement with the MNLF, September 2, 1996 | GOVPH". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. September 2, 1996. Archived from the original on November 10, 2021. Retrieved May 22, 2020.
  3. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on April 3, 2013. Retrieved October 8, 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  4. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on December 13, 2014. Retrieved May 2, 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  5. ^ a b c "Nur Misuari involved, says Zahid". Bernama. MySinChew English. July 16, 2014. Archived from the original on July 16, 2014. Retrieved July 16, 2014.
  6. ^ a b c "Press Statement: Meeting with the Secretary of Foreign Affairs of the Philippines, H.E. Albert F. del Rosario on 4 March 2013". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia. March 5, 2013. Archived from the original on March 8, 2013. Retrieved March 7, 2013.
  7. ^ a b Teoh El Sen (March 14, 2013). "MNLF supports Sulu claim, says Nur Misuari faction". Astro Awani. Retrieved June 13, 2014.
  8. ^ a b Edwin O. Fernandez (March 20, 2013). "Misuari hit for claiming Malaysia used MILF to bolster claim on Sabah". Philippine News Agency. Interaksyon. Archived from the original on October 25, 2015. Retrieved October 25, 2015.
  9. ^ "MILF, MNLF jointly call on Bangsamoro for unity and solidarity". Relief Web. March 4, 2016. Retrieved March 17, 2021.
  10. ^ Ruth Cabal (November 8, 2016). "EXCLUSIVE: MILF 'traitors' and 'criminals' – Misuari". CNN Philippines. Archived from the original on May 23, 2023. Retrieved November 9, 2016.
  11. ^ "Focus on the Philippines". Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved January 26, 2015.
  12. ^ a b "The Philippines and Terrorism". Anti-Defamation League. April 2004. Archived from the original on May 5, 2015. Retrieved May 5, 2015.
  13. ^ Barbara Mae Dacanay (December 20, 2001). "Nur Misuari seeks asylum in Malaysia". Gulf News. Archived from the original on July 5, 2014. Retrieved July 5, 2014.
  14. ^ "Nur Misuari to be repatriated to stand trial". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. December 20, 2001. Archived from the original on July 5, 2014. Retrieved July 5, 2014.
  15. ^ "PUIC". Retrieved January 26, 2015.
  16. ^ List of Observer Members of Organization of Islamic Conference[permanent dead link‍]
  17. ^ "PUIC Approved MNLF as Observer in Palembang Meet". Archived from the original on June 2, 2013.

Moro National Liberation Front

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