Back Muğam AF مقام أذربيجاني Arabic Muğam AZ موغام AZB Мугам BE Mugham Catalan Mugam Czech Mugham German Mugamo EO Mugam Spanish
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| Mugham | |
|---|---|
 Mugham performer khananda Seyid Shushinski (second from left) with his ensemble in 1916 | |
| Native name | Muğam |
| Cultural origins | Middle Ages |
| Typical instruments | Daf, Tar, Kamancheh, Balaban, Qanun, Oud, Çeng, Naqareh |
| Subgenres | |
| Dastgah, tesnif, zerbi mugham, reng | |
| Fusion genres | |
| Mugham opera, symphonic mugham, Azerbaijani jazz | |
 2024 in mugham | |
| Azerbaijani Mugham | |
|---|---|
| Country | Azerbaijan |
| Reference | 00039 |
| Region | Europe and North America |
| Inscription history | |
| Inscription | 2008 (3rd session) |
| List | Representative |
Mugham (Azerbaijani: Muğam) or Mughamat (Azerbaijani: Muğamat) is one of the many classical compositions from Azerbaijan, contrasting with tasnif and ashik.[1]
It is an art form that weds classical poetry and musical improvisation in specific local modes. Mugham is a modal system.[2] Unlike Western modes, "mugham" modes are associated not only with scales but with an orally transmitted collection of melodies and melodic fragments that performers use in the course of improvisation.[3] Mugham is a compound composition of many parts. The choice of a particular mugham and a style of performance fits a specific event.[3] The dramatic unfolding in performance is typically associated with increasing intensity and rising pitches, and a form of poetic-musical communication between performers and initiated listeners.[3]
Three major schools of mugham performance existed from the late 19th and early 20th centuries in the regions of Karabakh, Shirvan, and Baku. The town of Shusha of Karabakh, was particularly renowned for this art.[4]
A short selection of Azerbaijani mugham, played on the wind instrument balaban, was included among many cultural achievements of humanity on the Voyager Golden Record, which was attached to the Voyager spacecraft to represent world music.[5][6][7]
In 2003, UNESCO proclaimed Azerbaijani Mugham a "Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity". It was added to the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists in 2008.[8]
- ^ "Intangible Cultural Heritage – The Azerbaijani Mugham". Archived from the original on 2011-07-04. Retrieved 2009-06-04.
- ^ "Weaving chords of beauty in Baku". www.euronews.com. Euronews. Archived from the original on 21 June 2014. Retrieved 26 June 2014.
- ^ a b c Hunt, Ken. "Alim Qasimov and the domino principle". kenhunt.doruzka.com. Archived from the original on 11 December 2012. Retrieved 26 June 2014.
- ^ "Şuşaya qayıdana qədər..." aktual.az (in Azerbaijani). Archived from the original on 30 June 2017. Retrieved 29 June 2014.
- ^ "Azerbaijani Music Selected for Voyager Spacecraft". Archived from the original on 2011-11-12. Retrieved 2009-11-28.
- ^ "Azerbaijani mugham sent out to outer space 32 years ago". Archived from the original on 2012-02-25. Retrieved 2009-11-28.
- ^ "Voyager – Spacecraft – Golden Record – Sounds of Earth". NASA. Archived from the original on 2017-07-03. Retrieved 2009-05-25.
- ^ "UNESCO: The Azerbaijani Mugham". Archived from the original on 2019-04-02. Retrieved 2019-01-14.