Operation Battleaxe

Operation Battleaxe
	Part of the Western Desert Campaign of the Second World War
	; Soldiers of the 4th Indian Division decorate the side of their lorry "Khyber Pass to Hell-Fire Pass".
Date	15–17 June 1941
Location	Cyrenaica, Libya31°30′13″N 25°06′54″E / 31.50361°N 25.11500°E
Result	Axis victory
Belligerents
United Kingdom British India; Poland; Czechoslovakia	Germany; Italy
Commanders and leaders
Archibald Wavell; Noel Beresford-Peirse	Italo Gariboldi; Erwin Rommel
Strength
25,000 men; 90 cruisers and c. 100 'I' tanks; 98 fighters; 105 bombers	8th Panzer Regiment began with c. 100 tanks, about 50 being gun tanks; 5th Panzer Regiment had 96 tanks (57 gun tanks).; 130 fighters; 84 bombers ; 102nd Motorized Division Trento
Casualties and losses
969 men; 91 98 tanks; 36 aircraft	1,270 men; 12 tanks; 10 aircraft

Operation Battleaxe (15–17 June 1941) was a British Army offensive during the Second World War to raise the Siege of Tobruk and re-capture eastern Cyrenaica from German and Italian forces.^[h] It was the first time during the war that a significant German force fought on the defensive. The British lost over half of their tanks on the first day and only one of three attacks succeeded.

The British achieved mixed results on the second day, being pushed back on their western flank and repulsing a big German counter-attack in the centre. On the third day, the British narrowly avoided disaster by withdrawing just ahead of a German encircling movement. The failure of Battleaxe led to the replacement of British General Sir Archibald Wavell, Commander-in-Chief Middle East, by Claude Auchinleck; Wavell took Auchinleck's position as Commander-in-Chief, India.

^ Churchill (1986), p. 305
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Cite error: The named reference Playfair171 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Playfair, p. 166
^ Composed of three infantry battalions and a artillery regiment in Sollum-Mussaid-Cappuzo Area
^ Jentz, 186
^ Jentz, p. 186
^ Churchill (2001), p. 1097
^ Connell, p. 483
^ Churchill (2001), p. 872
^ Rommel, p. 146

Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).

[Churchill305-1] Churchill (1986), p. 305

[Playfair171-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Cite error: The named reference Playfair171 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Playfair166-3] Playfair, p. 166

[5] Composed of three infantry battalions and a artillery regiment in Sollum-Mussaid-Cappuzo Area

[8] Jentz, 186

[12] Jentz, p. 186

[14] Churchill (2001), p. 1097

[15] Connell, p. 483

[16] Churchill (2001), p. 872

[17] Rommel, p. 146

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