Ostrich

Ostrich Temporal range: Miocene–Holocene, 23–0 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Montage of two living species, from left to right: common ostrich and Somali ostrich
Conservation status
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[2]
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Infraclass:	Palaeognathae
Order:	Struthioniformes
Family:	Struthionidae
Genus:	Struthio Linnaeus, 1758[1]
Type species
Struthio camelus Linnaeus, 1758
Species
†S. anderssoni East Asian ostrich ?†S. barbarus ?†S. chersonensis Short-toed ostrich ?†S. kakesiensis ?†S. karingarabensis †S. asiaticus Asian ostrich †S. brachydactylus †S. coppensi †S. oldawayi †S. orlovi †S. wimani S. molybdophanes Somali ostrich S. camelus Common ostrich †S. daberasensis
Synonyms
†Autruchon Temminick 1840 fide Gray, 1841 (nomen nudum) †Struthiolithus Brandt 1873 †Megaloscelornis Lydekker 1879 †Palaeostruthio Burchak-Abramovich 1953

Ostriches are large flightless birds. Two living species are recognised, the common ostrich, native to large areas of sub-Saharan Africa, and the Somali ostrich, native to the Horn of Africa.

They are the heaviest and largest living birds, with adult common ostriches weighing anywhere between 63.5 and 145 kilograms and laying the largest eggs of any living land animal.^[3] With the ability to run at 70 km/h (43.5 mph),^[4] they are the fastest birds on land. They are farmed worldwide, with significant industries in the Philippines and in Namibia. South Africa produces about 70% of global ostrich products,^[5] with the industry largely centered around the town of Oudtshoorn. Ostrich leather is a lucrative commodity, and the large feathers are used as plumes for the decoration of ceremonial headgear. Ostrich eggs and meat have been used by humans for millennia. Ostrich oil is another product that is made using ostrich fat.

Ostriches are of the genus Struthio in the order Struthioniformes, part of the infra-class Palaeognathae, a diverse group of flightless birds also known as ratites that includes the emus, rheas, cassowaries, kiwis and the extinct elephant birds and moas.

The common ostrich was historically native to the Arabian Peninsula, and ostriches were present across Asia as far east as China and Mongolia during the Late Pleistocene and possibly into the Holocene.