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Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho

For other uses, see Otelo.

Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho

MSMM • GCL • MPCE
Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho in 1976
Nickname(s)Otelo
Born(1936-08-31)31 August 1936
Lourenço Marques, Mozambique, Portugal
Died25 July 2021(2021-07-25) (aged 84)
Lisbon, Portugal
Allegiance Portugal
Service / branchMilitary flag of Portugal Portuguese Army
Years of service1955–1984
RankColonel
Battles / warsPortuguese Colonial War Carnation Revolution
AwardsGrand Cross of the Order of Liberty
Other workCandidate for President of Portugal

Otelo Nuno Romão Saraiva de Carvalho, GCL (Portuguese pronunciation: [ɔˈtɛlu sɐˈɾajvɐ ðɨ kɐɾˈvaʎu]; 31 August 1936 – 25 July 2021) was a Portuguese military officer who was the chief strategist of the 1974 Carnation Revolution. He later became a terrorist leader.[1]

After the Revolution, Otelo assumed leadership roles in the first Portuguese Provisional Governments, alongside Vasco Gonçalves and Francisco da Costa Gomes, and as the head of military defense force COPCON. In 1976, Otelo ran in the first Portuguese presidential election, in which he placed second with the base of his support coming from the far-left. Otelo was tried and sentenced for being a leading member of the terrorist group Forças Populares 25 de Abril, which killed 20 people in several terrorist attacks. The Constitutional Court reverted the sentence due to unconstitutionality, as the newly formed body did not agree with the other courts interpretation of the legal code in face of the new constitution, and wanted a full retrial by the same judges.

To solve the impasse, the Portuguese Parliament voted an amnesty for political crimes in 1996 as there was no perspective of juridical solution in "useful time", in adherence to Portugal's statute of limitations.[2][3][4] Besides this reasoning, the amnesty was promoted by President Mário Soares as a gesture of democratic reconciliation as it erased the political crimes by far left and far right.[5][6][7] He was further trialled for the assassinations, but was acquitted.[8] The judge in charge claimed that it was certain that the terrorist FP-25 group did the attacks, but not enough admissible proofs indicated the authoring of the crimes for individual convictions.[a][9][10][11]

Thousands paid respect at his funeral in 2021, including the president Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, the prime-minister António Costa and the president of the parliament Eduardo Ferro Rodrigues.[12] At the time, the parliament highlighted his role in April 1974 as a “liberator of Portugal”.[b][13]

  1. ^ "Obituary - Otelo de Carvalho, a force behind the 1974 coup in Portugal who later became a terrorist leader – obituary". Telegraph. 4 August 2021. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  2. ^ Parliament. "Amnistia às infracções de motivação política".
  3. ^ Assembleia da República (1996). "Amnistia às infracções de motivação política".
  4. ^ "ACÓRDÃO Nº 444/97 / Procº nº 784/96 / 2ª Secção (Plenário)". Tribunal Constitucional Portugal. 25 June 1997.
  5. ^ Noronha do Nascimento (2021). "Símbolo mítico do 25 de Abril" (PDF). O Referencial: 109.
  6. ^ Minder, Raphael (6 August 2021). "Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho, 84, Dies; Key Figure in Portugal Revolt". The New York Times. Retrieved 14 April 2022.
  7. ^ Schumacher, Edward (22 July 1985). "HERO OF PORTUGAL REVOLUTION FACES TERRORISM TRIAL TODAY". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
  8. ^ Noronha do Nascimento (2021). "Símbolo mítico do 25 de Abril" (PDF). O Referencial: 109.
  9. ^ Ferreira, Ana (2020). "Julgamento de Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho (1985)" (PDF). Universidade Nova de Lisboa. ISBN 978-989-33-0465-5. Archived from the original on 15 April 2021.
  10. ^ Pereirinha, Sónia Simões, Tânia (29 December 2021). "FP-25 de Abril. O processo judicial que foi desaparecendo aos poucos". Observador (in European Portuguese).{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  11. ^ Cite error: The named reference :143 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  12. ^ Ribeiro, Nuno. "O luto vai por dentro". Público.
  13. ^ Parliament. Voto de pesar (PDF).


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Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho

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