Owen Roe O'Neill

Owen Roe O'Neill Eoghan Ruadh Ó Néill
Lithograph copy of a contemporary painting of O'Neill
Born	c. 1585 County Armagh, Kingdom of Ireland
Died	6 November 1649 (aged 63–64) Cloughoughter Castle, County Cavan, Kingdom of Ireland
Resting place	The Abbey, Cavan, Ireland
Other names	Eoghan Ruadh Ó Néill
Occupation(s)	Mercenary, Soldier
Known for	Irish General
Title	Commander of the Ulster Army
Predecessor	Sir Felim O'Neill of Kinard
Successor	Bishop Heber MacMahon
Spouse	Rosa Uí Néill
Parent	Art MacBaron O'Neill

Owen Roe O'Neill (Irish: Eoghan Ruadh Ó Néill; c. 1585 – 6 November 1649) was a Gaelic Irish soldier and one of the most famous of the O'Neill dynasty of Ulster. O'Neill left Ireland at a young age and spent most of his life as a mercenary in the Spanish Army serving against the Dutch in Flanders during the Eighty Years' War. After the Irish Rebellion of 1641, O'Neill returned and took command of the Irish Confederate Ulster Army. He is known for his victory at the Battle of Benburb in 1646.

O'Neill's later years were marked by infighting amongst the Confederates, and in 1647 he led his army to seize power in the capital of Kilkenny. His troops clashed with rival forces of the Confederacy, leading to O'Neill forming a temporary alliance with Charles Coote's English Parliamentary forces in Ulster. He initially rejected a treaty of alliance between the Confederates and the Irish Royalists, but faced with the Cromwellian invasion he changed his mind. Shortly after agreeing to an alliance with the 1st Marquess of Ormond, the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, in which he was promised an Earldom, O'Neill died on Tuesday, 6 November 1649.