Back بامونكى ARZ Паменкэ BE Памунки Bulgarian Pamunkey Catalan Pamunkey German Pamunkey Croatian パムンキー Japanese Pamunkey NDS Паманки Russian Pamunkey SH
| Total population | |
|---|---|
| Enrolled members: 430 | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Pamunkey Indian Reservation, Virginia, U.S. | |
| Languages | |
| English, formerly Pamunkey | |
| Religion | |
| Christianity; Indigenous | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Mattaponi, Chickahominy, Patawomeck |
The Pamunkey Indian Tribe is a federally recognized tribe of Pamunkey people in Virginia. They control the Pamunkey Indian Reservation in King William County, Virginia. Historically, they spoke the Pamunkey language.
They are one of 11[1] Native American tribes in Virginia and an Indigenous people of the Northeastern Woodlands. The tribe became the Commonwealth of Virginia's first federally recognized tribe[2][3] receiving its status in January 2016.[4]
The historical Pamunkey people were part of the Powhatan paramountcy, made up of Algonquian-speaking nations. The Powhatan paramount chiefdom was made up of over 30 nations, estimated to total about 10,000 to 15,000 people at the time the English arrived in 1607.[5] The Pamunkey nation comprised about one-tenth to one-fifteenth of the total. They numbered about 1,000 persons in 1607.[6]
When the English colonists arrived, the Pamunkey were one of the most powerful groups of the Powhatan chiefdom. They inhabited the coastal tidewater of Virginia on the north side of the James River near Chesapeake Bay.[7][8]
The Pamunkey Tribe is one of only two that retain the reservation lands assigned by the 1646 and 1677 treaties with the English colonial government.[9] Their reservation is located on some of their ancestral land on the Pamunkey River adjacent to present-day King William County.[9]
- ^ "Writer's Guide" Archived February 24, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, Virginia Council on Indians, Commonwealth of Virginia, 2009
- ^ Woodrow, John (2012-12-14). "A renowned Virginia Indian tribe finally wins federal recognition". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2015-10-24.
- ^ "Governor – Newsroom". Governor.virginia.gov. 2015-07-02. Retrieved 2015-10-24.
- ^ Federal Register; Vol. 81, No. 86; Wednesday, May 4, 2016; Notices, p. 26,827: "The addition to the list of Indian entities results from the January 28, 2016, Interior Board of Indian Appeals dismissal of a request for reconsideration in docket number 16–003, In Re Federal Acknowledgment of the Pamunkey Indian Tribe."
- ^ Rountree, Helen C. and E. Randolph Turner III. Before and After Jamestown: Virginia's Powhatans and Their Predecessors. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2002.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
autogenerated6was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Egloff, Keith and Deborah Woodward. First People: The Early Indians of Virginia. Charlottesville: The University Press of Virginia, 1992.
- ^ Waugaman, Sandra F. and Danielle-Moretti-Langholtz, Ph.D. We're Still Here: Contemporary Virginia Indians Tell Their Stories. Richmond: Palari Publishing, 2006 (revised edition).
- ^ a b Wood, Karenne (editor). The Virginia Indian Heritage Trail, 2007.