Penal harm refers to a form of punishment that posits that inmates should endure additional pain and suffering beyond just having their basic rights taken away. This concept encompasses a range of unpleasant and miserable conditions and injuries harsher than mere "deprivation of liberty". These are justified by a certain ideology regarding custodial sentences, which are mainly served in prison or a reformatory.[1][2][3]
- ^ Clear, Todd R. (November 22, 1994). Harm in American Penology: Offenders, Victims, and Their Communities - Todd R. Clear - Google Boeken. SUNY Press. ISBN 9780791421741. Retrieved September 7, 2013.
- ^ Vaughn, MS (March 25, 2013). "Penal harm medicine: state tort remedies for delaying and denying health care to prisoners". Crime Law Soc Change. 31 (4): 273–302. doi:10.1023/a:1008332904378. PMID 16506338. S2CID 20138161.
- ^ "NCJRS Abstract - National Criminal Justice Reference Service". Ncjrs.gov. Retrieved September 7, 2013.