 Thatcher in 1983 | |
| Premiership of Margaret Thatcher 4 May 1979 – 28 November 1990 | |
| Monarch | Elizabeth II |
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| Cabinet | |
| Party | Conservative |
| Election | |
| Seat | 10 Downing Street |
_(St_Edwards_Crown).svg) Coat of Arms of HM Government | |
| Official website | |
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Secretary of State for Education and Science
Leader of the Opposition
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
Policies
Appointments
Articles by ministry and term: 1979–1983
1983–1987
1987–1990
Post-premiership
Publications
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Margaret Thatcher's tenure as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom began on 4 May 1979 when she accepted an invitation from Queen Elizabeth II to form a government, succeeding James Callaghan of the Labour Party, and ended on 28 November 1990 upon her resignation. She was elected to the position in 1979, having led the Conservative Party since 1975, and won landslide re-elections for the Conservatives in 1983 and 1987. She gained intense media attention as Britain's first female prime minister, and was the longest-serving British prime minister of the 20th century.[1] Her premiership ended when she withdrew from the 1990 Conservative leadership election. As prime minister, Thatcher also served simultaneously as First Lord of the Treasury, Minister for the Civil Service, and Leader of the Conservative Party.
In domestic policy, Thatcher implemented sweeping reforms concerning the affairs of the economy, eventually including the privatisation of most nationalised industries,[2] and the weakening of trade unions.[3] She emphasised reducing the government's role and letting the marketplace decide in terms of the neoliberal ideas pioneered by Milton Friedman and Friedrich Hayek, promoted by her mentor Keith Joseph, and promulgated by the media as Thatcherism.[4] In foreign policy, Thatcher decisively defeated Argentina in the Falklands War in 1982. In longer-range terms, she worked with Ronald Reagan to actively oppose Soviet communism during the Cold War; however, she also promoted collaboration with Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev in ending the Cold War.[5]
In her first years, Thatcher had a deeply divided cabinet. As the leader of the "dry" faction, she purged most of the One Nation "wet" Conservatives and took full control.[6]: 34 By the late 1980s, however, she had alienated several senior members of her Cabinet with her opposition to greater economic integration into the European Economic Community, which she argued would lead to a federalist Europe and surrender Britain's ability to self govern. She also alienated many Conservative voters and parliamentarians with the imposition of a local poll tax. As her support ebbed away, she was challenged for her leadership and persuaded by Cabinet to withdraw from the second round of voting – ending her eleven-year premiership. She was succeeded by John Major, her Chancellor of the Exchequer.
- ^ Campbell, Beatrix (2015), "Margaret Thatcher: To be or not to be a woman", British Politics, 10 (1): 41–51, doi:10.1057/bp.2014.27, S2CID 143944033
- ^ Marsh, David (1991), "Privatization under Mrs. Thatcher: a review of the literature", Public Administration, 69 (4): 459–480, doi:10.1111/j.1467-9299.1991.tb00915.x
- ^ Dorey, Peter (2016), "Weakening the Trade Unions, One Step at a Time: The Thatcher Governments' Strategy for the Reform of Trade-Union Law, 1979–1984" (PDF), Historical Studies in Industrial Relations, 37: 169–200, doi:10.3828/hsir.2016.37.6[dead link]
- ^ Evans, Eric J. (2018), Thatcher and Thatcherism (fourth ed.), Taylor & Francis, ISBN 978-0-429-89275-2
- ^ Brown, Archie (2020), The Human Factor: Gorbachev, Reagan, and Thatcher, and the End of the Cold War, OUP Oxford, ISBN 978-0-19-106561-3
- ^ Evans, Eric J. (2004), Thatcher and Thatcherism (reprint, revised ed.), Psychology Press, ISBN 978-0-415-27013-7