Back انتشار استخدام التبغ Arabic A dohányfogyasztás elterjedtsége Hungarian Diffusione del consumo di tabacco Italian 喫煙率 Japanese 흡연율 Korean Список стран по распространённости курения табака Russian Поширеність вживання тютюну Ukrainian
| Part of a series on |
| Tobacco |
|---|
 |
Prevalence of tobacco use is reported by the World Health Organization (WHO), which focuses on cigarette smoking due to reported data limitations.[1] Smoking has therefore been studied more extensively than any other form of consumption.[2]
Smoking is globally five times more prevalent among men than women;[3][4] however, the gender gap is smaller in rich countries and in younger age groups.[5][6] In developed countries smoking rates for men have peaked and have begun to decline, and also started to stall or decline for women.[7] Smoking prevalence has changed little since the mid-1990s, before which time it declined in English-speaking countries due to the implementation of tobacco control. However, the number of smokers worldwide has increased from 721 million in 1980 to 967 million in 2012 and the number of cigarettes smoked increased from 4.96 trillion to 6.25 trillion due to population growth.[8]
In Western countries, smoking is more prevalent among populations with mental health problems, with alcohol and drug problems, among criminals, and among the homeless.[9] In 2002, about 20% of young teens (aged 13–15) smoked worldwide. 80,000 to 100,000 children begin smoking every day. Half of those who begin smoking in adolescent years are projected to go on to smoke for 15 to 20 years.[10]
One of the targets of the Sustainable Development Goal 3 of the United Nations (to be achieved by 2030) is to "Strengthen the implementation of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in all countries, as appropriate." The indicator that is used to measure progress is the prevalence of tobacco use.[11]
- ^ "Prevalence of current tobacco use among adults aged ≥ 15 years (percentage)". World Health Organization. Archived from the original on December 11, 2008. Retrieved 2009-01-02.
- ^ "Mayo report on addressing the worldwide tobacco epidemic through effective, evidence-based treatment". World Health Organization. p. 2. Archived from the original on 2004-05-12. Retrieved 2009-01-02.
- ^ Guindon, G. Emmanuel; Boisclair, David (2003). Past, current and future trends in tobacco use (PDF). Washington DC: The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank. pp. 13–16. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 18, 2009. Retrieved 2009-03-22.
- ^ "Gender empowerment and female-to-male smoking prevalence ratios". World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 16 September 2020. Retrieved 10 Sep 2020.
- ^ The World Health Organization, and the Institute for Global Tobacco Control, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health (2001). "Women and the Tobacco Epidemic: Challenges for the 21st Century" (PDF). World Health Organization. pp. 5–6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-02-07. Retrieved 2009-01-02.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Surgeon General's Report—Women and Smoking". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2001. p. 47. Archived from the original on December 4, 2008. Retrieved 2009-01-03.
- ^ Peto, Richard; Lopez, Alan D; Boreham, Jillian; Thun, Michael (2006). Mortality from Smoking in Developed Countries 1950-2000: indirect estimates from national vital statistics (PDF). Oxford University Press. p. 9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2005-02-24. Retrieved 2009-03-22.
- ^ Ng, Marie (Jan 8, 2014). "Smoking Prevalence and Cigarette Consumption in 187 Countries, 1980-2012". Journal of the American Medical Association. 311 (2): 183–192. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.284692. PMID 24399557.
- ^ West, Robert & Shiffman, Saul (2007). Fast Facts: Smoking Cessation. Health Press Ltd. pp. 20, 26. ISBN 978-1-903734-98-8.
- ^ "WHO/WPRO-Smoking Statistics". World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific. 2002-05-28. Archived from the original on November 8, 2009. Retrieved 2009-01-01.
- ^ United Nations (2017) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017, Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (A/RES/71/313 Archived 2020-10-23 at the Wayback Machine)